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Nutrition and Aging

Reasonable Estimates of Serum Vitamin E, Vitamin C, and ß-Cryptoxanthin Are Obtained with a Food Frequency Questionnaire in Older Black and White Adults¹

Christy C. Tangney^*,2, Julia L. Bienias^,**, Denis A. Evans^,** and Martha C. Morris^,**

^* Department of Clinical Nutrition, Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, and ^** Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612

²To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ctangney{at}rush.edu.

Few studies provide correlations between different indicators of the dietary intakes of older (65 y) black and white adults. This study compared the usual intakes of vitamin E, vitamin C, and selected carotenoids estimated by a modified Harvard food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to those estimated by multiple 24-h recalls, and to blood concentrations of components in a randomly selected sample of participants in the Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP). Subjects (n = 59) were interviewed to complete multiple 24-h recalls over a year’s time, then completed an FFQ and subsequently provided a fasting blood specimen within 2 mo. Dietary estimates were energy-adjusted separately for men and women. Significant (P < 0.05) correlations between total (diet and supplement) FFQ estimates and serum measures of vitamin E and vitamin C were as follows: 0.49 and 0.39 for blacks, and 0.42 and 0.29 for whites, respectively. The highest correlations between serum and FFQ indicators were for dietary ß-cryptoxanthin (0.46), total -tocopherol (0.46) and total ß-carotene (0.44) among whites; among blacks, the highest correlations were for dietary -carotene (0.81), total -tocopherol (0.53) and total ß-cryptoxanthin (0.50); all were significant (P < 0.05). Further adjustment for age, gender, BMI, and educational level minimally altered these coefficients. These findings indicate that the modified Harvard FFQ provides reasonable estimates of serum levels of vitamin E, vitamin C and ß-cryptoxanthin among CHAP participants.

KEY WORDS: • vitamin E • vitamin C • food frequency questionnaire • serum measures • validation

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