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Supplement: International Research Conference on Food, Nutrition, and Cancer

Long-Chain (n-3) Fatty Acid Intake and Risk of Cancers of the Breast and the Prostate: Recent Epidemiological Studies, Biological Mechanisms, and Directions for Future Research¹

Paul D. Terry², Jennifer B. Terry^* and Thomas E. Rohan

Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709; ^* Nutrition Unit, General Clinical Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322; and Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461

²To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: terry2{at}niehs.nih.gov.

The association between dietary (n-3) fatty acids and hormone-responsive cancers continues to attract considerable attention in epidemiological, clinical, and experimental studies. We previously reviewed the epidemiological literature on the association between hormone-responsive cancers and the long-chain fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. We concluded that the compelling evidence from ecological studies, animal models, and mechanistic experiments in vitro was not supported clearly by the available epidemiological data. To various degrees, epidemiological studies published more recently attempted to address some of the methodological limitations plaguing earlier studies by using validated questionnaires, examining specific fatty acids and their interrelationships, and adjusting estimates for a wider range of potentially confounding factors than in previous studies. In this review, our aim was to update the previous review with the results of recent epidemiological studies and to discuss possible biological mechanisms and directions for future research.

KEY WORDS: • (n-3) • (n-6) • breast neoplasms • prostate neoplasms • hormone-dependent

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