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Nutrient Metabolism

Dietary Raw Peas (Pisum sativum L.) Reduce Plasma Total and LDL Cholesterol and Hepatic Esterified Cholesterol in Intact and Ileorectal Anastomosed Pigs Fed Cholesterol-Rich Diets¹

José M. Martins², Michel Riottot^*, Manuel C. de Abreu, Maria J. Lança, Ana M. Viegas-Crespo^**, José A. Almeida, João B. Freire and Ofélia P. Bento

Laboratório de Metabolismo Animal, ICAM/Universidade de Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal; ^* Laboratoire d’Endocrinologie de la Nutrition-INRA, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France; Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade de Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal; ^** CBA/Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, 1740-016 Lisboa, Portugal; and Departamento de Produção Agrícola e Animal, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal

²To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jmartins{at}uevora.pt.

Previous studies demonstrated the cholesterol-lowering effect of dietary legumes (mainly soybeans) in animals and humans, but the mechanisms by which they exert this effect are not completely understood. The contribution of the hindgut to this hypocholesterolemic effect is also not well documented. The present work was undertaken to investigate the effect of cholesterol-enriched (2.8 g/kg) casein (C) and raw pea seed (RP) diets on the cholesterol metabolism of intact (I) and ileorectal anastomosed (IRA) growing pigs. Four groups of 6 pigs were allocated to the treatments (C-I, C-IRA, RP-I, and RP-IRA pigs) for 3 wk. Plasma total cholesterol was lowered by the RP diet through a significant decrease in LDL cholesterol. The RP diet also decreased the hepatic concentration of esterified cholesterol and increased 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase activity and LDL receptor synthesis. The biliary total cholesterol and bile acid concentrations were greater in RP- than in C-fed pigs. In addition, fecal bile acid output was higher in RP-fed pigs. The cecum-colon by-pass inhibited cholesterol and ß-sitosterol microbial transformation, lowered the bile acid output, and increased the primary to secondary bile acid output ratio, but its influence on cholesterolemia was negligible. These results suggest a hypocholesterolemic effect of the raw pea diet probably due to increased fecal bile acid output and an increased biliary bile acid concentration.

KEY WORDS: • raw pea seeds • ileorectal anastomosis • pig • cholesterol metabolism • steroid output

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