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Nutritional Epidemiology

Arachidonic Acid in Adipose Tissue Is Associated with Nonfatal Acute Myocardial Infarction in the Central Valley of Costa Rica¹

Ana Baylin^* and Hannia Campos^*,,2

^* Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 and the Centro Centroamericano de Población, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica

²To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: hcampos{at}hsph.harvard.edu.

Arachidonic acid (AA), a precursor of prothrombotic eicosanoids, is potentially atherogenic, but epidemiologic data are scarce. We evaluated the hypothesis that increased AA in adipose tissue is associated with increased risk of nonfatal acute myocardial infarction (MI), and if so, whether this association is related to dietary or adipose tissue linoleic acid. We studied the association between AA and MI in 466 cases of a first nonfatal acute MI, matched on age, gender, and residence to 466 population controls. Fatty acids (FA) were assessed by GC in adipose tissue samples collected from all subjects. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI were calculated from multivariate conditional logistic regression models. Subjects in the highest quintile of adipose tissue AA (0.64% of total FA) had a higher risk of nonfatal acute MI than those in the lowest quintile (0.29% of total FA), after adjusting for potential confounders including (n-3) and trans FAs (OR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.07, 3.53, P for trend = 0.026). Adipose tissue AA was not correlated with dietary AA (r = 0.07), linoleic acid (r = 0.04), or other dietary (n-6) FAs, or with adipose tissue linoleic acid (r = –0.07). These data suggest that the association between MI and adipose tissue AA is not related to dietary intake of (n-6) FAs including linoleic acid. Better understanding of the metabolic factors that increase AA in adipose tissue is urgently needed.

KEY WORDS: • arachidonic acid • fatty acids • myocardial infarction • adipose tissue • risk factors

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