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Human Nutrition and Metabolism

Consumption of High-Pressurized Vegetable Soup Increases Plasma Vitamin C and Decreases Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Healthy Humans¹

Concepción Sánchez-Moreno^*,, M. Pilar Cano, Begoña de Ancos, Lucía Plaza, Begoña Olmedilla^**, Fernando Granado^** and Antonio Martín^*,2

^* Nutrition and Neurocognition Laboratory, Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA; Department of Plant Foods Science and Technology, Instituto del Frío-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; and ^** Unit of Vitamins, Section of Nutrition, Clínica Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain

²To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: antonio.martin{at}tufts.edu.

Current evidence supports a significant association between fruit and vegetable intake and health. In this study, we assessed the effect of consuming a vegetable-soup "gazpacho" on vitamin C and biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in a healthy human population. We also examined the association between vitamin C and F₂-isoprostanes (8-epiPGF₂), uric acid (UA), prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and the cytokines, tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-), interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), and IL-6. Gazpacho is a Mediterranean dish defined as a ready-to-use vegetable soup, containing 80% crude vegetables rich in vitamin C. Subjects (6 men, 6 women) enrolled in this study consumed 500 mL/d of gazpacho corresponding to an intake of 72 mg of vitamin C. On d 1, subjects consumed the gazpacho in one dose; from d 2 until the end of the study, d 14, 250 mL was consumed in the morning and 250 mL in the afternoon. Blood was collected before drinking the soup (baseline) and on d 7 and 14. Baseline plasma vitamin C concentrations did not differ between men and women (P = 0.060). Compared with baseline, the vitamin C concentration was significantly higher on d 7 and 14 of the intervention in both men and women (P < 0.05). Baseline plasma levels of UA and F₂-isoprostanes were higher (P 0.002) in men than in women. The F₂-isoprostanes decreased on d 14 in men and women (P 0.041), and UA decreased in men (P = 0.028). The concentrations of vitamin C and 8-epiPGF₂ were inversely correlated (r = –0.585, P = 0.0002). Plasma PGE₂ and MCP-1 concentrations decreased in men and women (P 0.05) on d 14, but those of TNF-, IL-1ß, and IL-6 did not change. Consumption of the vegetable soup decreases oxidative stress and biomarkers of inflammation, which indicates that the protective effect of vegetables may extend beyond their antioxidant capacity.

KEY WORDS: • vegetable soup • vitamin C • F₂-isoprostanes • inflammation

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