QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Johnsen, N. F. Articles by Tjønneland, A. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Johnsen, N. F. Articles by Tjønneland, A.

---

Nutritional Epidemiology

Intake of Whole Grains and Vegetables Determines the Plasma Enterolactone Concentration of Danish Women¹

Nina F. Johnsen^*,,2, Helene Hausner^*,, Anja Olsen^*, Inge Tetens, Jane Christensen^*, Knud Erik Bach Knudsen^**, Kim Overvad and Anne Tjønneland^*

^* Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, The Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Human Nutrition, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Copenhagen, Denmark; ^** Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Research Centre Foulum, Foulum, Denmark; and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aalborg Hospital and Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

²To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: nina{at}cancer.dk.

The mammalian lignan enterolactone (ENL), which is produced from dietary plant-lignan precursors by the intestinal microflora, may protect against breast cancer and other hormone-dependent cancers. This cross-sectional study examined which variables related to diet and lifestyle were associated with high plasma concentrations of ENL in Danish postmenopausal women. Plasma ENL was measured by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay in 857 Danish women aged 50–64 y who participated in a prospective cohort study. Diet was assessed using a semiquantitative FFQ, and background information on lifestyle was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Multiple analyses of covariance were completed in two steps. The median plasma ENL concentration was 27 nmol/L (range 0–455 nmol/L). In covariance analyses, positive associations were found between consumption of cereals, vegetables, and beverages and plasma ENL concentration. When analyzing subgroups of these food groups, the associations were confined to whole-grain products, cabbage, leafy vegetables, and coffee. For fat and the nondietary variables, negative associations between BMI, smoking, and frequency of bowel movements and plasma ENL concentration were observed. These data show that foods high in ENL precursors are associated with high concentrations of ENL. Furthermore, smoking, frequent bowel movements, and consumption of fat seems to have a negative affect on the ENL concentration. In conclusion, whole grains and vegetables are the most important dietary providers of plant lignans for the concentration of ENL in Danish postmenopausal women, and if ENL is found to protect against cancer or heart disease, the intake of whole grains and vegetables should be increased.

KEY WORDS: • lignans • intestinal microflora • whole grains

This article has been cited by other articles:

				D. R Jacobs Jr, L. F. Andersen, and R. Blomhoff Whole-grain consumption is associated with a reduced risk of noncardiovascular, noncancer death attributed to inflammatory diseases in the Iowa Women's Health Study Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2007; 85(6): 1606 - 1614. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Kotsopoulos, P. Ghadirian, A. El-Sohemy, H. T. Lynch, C. Snyder, M. Daly, S. Domchek, S. Randall, B. Karlan, P. Zhang, et al. The CYP1A2 Genotype Modifies the Association Between Coffee Consumption and Breast Cancer Risk Among BRCA1 Mutation Carriers Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., May 1, 2007; 16(5): 912 - 916. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A.-M. Linko-Parvinen, R. Landberg, M. J. Tikkanen, H. Adlercreutz, and J. L. Penalvo Alkylresorcinols from Whole-Grain Wheat and Rye Are Transported in Human Plasma Lipoproteins J. Nutr., May 1, 2007; 137(5): 1137 - 1142. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. H. M. Peeters, N. Slimani, Y. T. van der Schouw, P. B. Grace, C. Navarro, A. Tjonneland, A. Olsen, F. Clavel-Chapelon, M. Touillaud, M.-C. Boutron-Ruault, et al. Variations in Plasma Phytoestrogen Concentrations in European Adults J. Nutr., May 1, 2007; 137(5): 1294 - 1300. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Hallund, I. Tetens, S. Bugel, T. Tholstrup, M. Ferrari, T. Teerlink, A. Kjaer, and N. Wiinberg Daily Consumption for Six Weeks of a Lignan Complex Isolated from Flaxseed Does Not Affect Endothelial Function in Healthy Postmenopausal Women J. Nutr., September 1, 2006; 136(9): 2314 - 2318. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. A. Baker, G. P. Beehler, A. C. Sawant, V. Jayaprakash, S. E. McCann, and K. B. Moysich Consumption of Coffee, but Not Black Tea, Is Associated with Decreased Risk of Premenopausal Breast Cancer J. Nutr., January 1, 2006; 136(1): 166 - 171. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]