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Supplement: Nutrient Composition for Fortified Complementary Foods

Proposed Vitamin A Fortification Levels¹

International Science and Technology Institute, Inc., Arlington, VA 22209

²To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Jmora{at}istiinc.com.

Fortified complementary foods could be effective in preventing and controlling vitamin A and other common nutritional deficiencies in young children. Milk from well-nourished women is an excellent source of vitamin A. However, in Latin America many children are weaned prematurely and must receive the entire requirement of vitamin A from food. This paper proposes vitamin A fortification levels for foods targeted for children aged 6–23 mo to meet the existing intake gap among both breast-fed and weaned infants and young children. Estimates assume a nonsignificant contribution of common complementary foods and average levels of human milk intake by breast-fed infants and children. The estimated vitamin A gap for breast-fed infants aged 6–11 mo amounts to 63–92 µg RE [16–23% of recommended daily intake (RDI)] and for breast-fed children reaches 125 µg RE (31% of RDI). Weaned infants and children would have to fully meet the RDI (400 µg RE) from complementary foods. A fortified complementary food with 500 mg RE/100 g of dry product provided daily in a single ration of 40 g would meet 50% of the gap for weaned infants aged 6–11 mo and would raise the total intake above RDI for breast-fed infants aged 6–8 mo (125%) and 9–11 mo (127%). The same fortified food given in a daily ration of 60 mg would meet most of the gap (75%) for weaned children aged 12–23 mo and would increase total intake of breast-fed children aged 12–23 mo well above the RDI (144%), with no risk of exceeding established upper tolerable intake levels.

KEY WORDS: • vitamin A • fortified complementary foods • infants and children

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