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Nutrient Interactions and Toxicity

Lutein Interacts with Ascorbic Acid More Frequently than with -Tocopherol to Alter Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Female Zucker Obese Rats^1,2

Shirley Blakely³, Arnetra Herbert^*, Michelle Collins, Mamie Jenkins, Geraldine Mitchell, Erich Grundel, Karen R. O’Neill and Frederick Khachik^**

Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740; ^* Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341; Department of Molecular and Biochemical Nutrition, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704; and ^** Department of Chemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD

³To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: sblakely{at}cfsan.fda.gov.

The influence of dietary lutein, with and without moderate amounts of vitamin C (VC) or vitamin E (VE), on biomarkers of oxidative stress was examined in rats. Nine groups of immature Zucker obese (fa/fa) and lean female rats (8/group) consumed ad libitum for 8 wk the AIN-93G diet (Control) to which was added either dl--tocopherol acetate (VE) at 0.60 mg/kg or ascorbic acid (VC) at 0.75 mg/kg diet. Each of these diets contained lutein oil (FloraGlo) at 0.5 (Lut0.5) or 1.0 (Lut1.0) mg/kg diet. Weight gain, food efficiency and relative liver weight were higher in obese than in lean rats. Although liver malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were significantly higher in obese than in lean rats, levels were significantly lower in obese rats fed VE, VE-Lut and VC-Lut0.5 compared with other obese groups. The accumulation of -tocopherol in liver was 6- and 3-times greater in the VE and VE-Lut1.0 groups, respectively, compared with the obese and lean control groups. Lutein reduced the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in obese rats, independent of VC or VE, and raised the activity of glutathione peroxidase to higher levels in lean rats when combined with VC. Plasma insulin levels were dramatically higher in obese compared with lean rats, but significantly lower in obese rats fed VC-Lut0.5, VE-Lut1.0 and Lut1.0 compared with the Control group. These results suggest that lutein independently reduces the activity of SOD and alters more biomarkers of oxidative stress when combined with vitamin C than with vitamin E, and that vitamin E reduces liver lipid peroxidation in obese rats when the accumulation of liver -tocopherol is very high.

KEY WORDS: • obesity • antioxidants • carotenoids • lutein • ascorbic acid • -tocopherol

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