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© 2003 The American Society for Nutritional Sciences J. Nutr. 133:1737S-1740S, May 2003

Supplement: Nutrition as a Preventive Strategy against Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes

Some Thoughts on Body Mass Index, Micronutrient Intakes and Pregnancy Outcome 1

Yasmin Neggers*,2 and Robert L. Goldenberg{dagger}

* University of Alabama, Department of Human Nutrition, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 and {dagger} University of Alabama at Birmingham, Center for Research in Women's Health, Birmingham, AL 35233

2 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: yneggers{at}ches.ua.edu.

A low prepregnancy body mass index is one of strongest predictors of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth and fetal growth retardation. A low body mass interacts with other risk factors such as smoking and stress to increase risk of these outcomes, whereas zinc supplementation and low-dose aspirin increase birth weight in thin but not normal-size women. The association between maternal thinness and adverse pregnancy outcomes may be mediated more by a low plasma volume than by decreased protein or energy status. Maternal micronutrient status may partially mediate plasma volume expansion in pregnancy. Therefore, improving maternal micronutrient status may reduce adverse outcomes through this mechanism.

KEY WORDS: • body mass index • plasma volume • preterm birth • fetal growth retardation • micronutrients




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