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,**,
,,3
* Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2P5;
The Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; and Departments of
** Paediatrics and
Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 1X8
3To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ron.ball{at}ualberta.ca.
The requirements for the sulfur amino acids (SAA), methionine (Met) and cysteine (Cys), have seldom been determined in neonates and to our knowledge have not previously been determined directly in parenterally fed neonates. The sulfur amino acids are catabolized largely in the liver and kidney, and their metabolism by the gut has been studied less frequently. In the present research, the enteral and parenteral Met requirement was determined, without dietary Cys, using the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) technique. Piglets [n = 32, 2 d old, 1.66 ± 0.13 kg (SD)] received elemental diets containing adequate energy, phenylalanine (Phe) and excess tyrosine, with varied Met concentrations and no Cys. Diets were infused continuously via intravenous or intragastric catheters. Phenylalanine oxidation was determined during a primed, constant infusion of L-[1-14C]-Phe, by measuring expired 14CO2 and plasma specific radioactivity of Phe. For both parenteral and enteral groups, Phe oxidation (% of dose) decreased linearly (P < 0.01) as Met intake increased, then became low and unchanging. Using breakpoint analysis, the Met requirement was estimated to be 0.42 and 0.29 g/(kg · d) for enteral and parenteral feeding, respectively. Breakpoint analysis using absolute phenylalanine oxidation [µmol/(kg · h)] resulted in an estimation of the Met requirement of 0.44 and 0.26 g/(kg · d) for enteral and parenteral feeding, respectively. These data show that the parenteral Met requirement is 
69% of the enteral requirement and suggest that extraction of SAA by first-pass splanchnic metabolism may be responsible for this difference.
KEY WORDS: • amino acid requirements • methionine • cysteine • total parenteral nutrition • indicator amino acid oxidation • piglets
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