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Nutritional Immunology
Research Communication

Long-Term Combined Supplementations with -Tocopherol and Vitamin C Have No Detectable Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Healthy Men

Helle Bruunsgaard², Henrik E. Poulsen^*, Bente K. Pedersen, Kristiina Nyyssönen, Jari Kaikkonen^** and Jukka T. Salonen^,

Departments of Infectious Diseases and ^* Clinical Pharmacology, H:S, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Research Institute of Public Health, University of Kupio, Kuopio, Finland; ^** Oy Jurilab Limited, Kuopio, Finland; and The Inner Savo Health Centre, Suonenjoki, Finland

²To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: infdishb{at}rh.dk.

Inflammatory and oxidative stresses play a pivotal role in atherogenesis. Vitamin E and vitamin C are the two most important dietary antioxidants; moreover, vitamin E has anti-inflammatory effects. Combined supplementations with vitamin E and vitamin C twice daily for 3 y reduced lipid peroxidation and retarded the progression of common carotid atherosclerosis in healthy men in the Antioxidant Supplementation in Atherosclerosis Prevention (ASAP) study. To further elucidate the underlying mechanisms that retarded the progression of atherosclerosis in the ASAP study, we investigated the effect of a combined intake of vitamin E and vitamin C on inflammatory markers in vivo. Circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-, interleukin (IL)-6, and C reactive protein (CRP) were measured in 45- to 69-y-old men from the ASAP study with cholesterol >5.0 mmol/L before and after treatment with either placebo (n = 52) or a combined supplementation with 91 mg (136 IU) -tocopherol and 250 mg of slow-release vitamin C twice a day (n = 55) for 3 y. Antioxidant treatment for 36 mo had no effect on circulating levels of TNF-, IL-6 or CRP. In conclusion, long-term combined supplementations with -tocopherol and vitamin C in reasonable doses have no detectable systemic anti-inflammatory effects in a healthy population of men with slight hypercholesterolemia and no overt signs of inflammation.

KEY WORDS: • inflammation • antioxidants • atherosclerosis • cytokines • humans

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