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Nutrient Metabolism

[¹⁴C]-Lycopene and [¹⁴C]-Labeled Polar Products Are Differentially Distributed in Tissues of F344 Rats Prefed Lycopene^1,2

Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 and ^* Department of Human Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43201

³To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jwerdman{at}uiuc.edu.

Epidemiologic evidence suggests a possible role for lycopene-rich foods in the prevention of prostate cancer and cardiovascular disease. Despite active research in disease reduction, there is a paucity of information on the absorption, biodistribution and metabolism of lycopene. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biodistribution of ¹⁴C-lycopene (specific activity, 1.83 µCi/mg) and ¹⁴C-labeled products after an oral dose of 22 µCi of ¹⁴C-lycopene in male rats that had been prefed a lycopene-containing diet (0.25 g lycopene/ kg diet) for 30 d. The percentage of ¹⁴C excreted in feces and urine over the 168 h was 68%. Quantitatively, serum ¹⁴C levels were maintained between 3 and 24 h then decreased at 72 h (P < 0.05). At all time points the majority of tissue ¹⁴C was in the liver (72%), although total hepatic ¹⁴C decreased after 24 h. In a comparison of the extrahepatic tissue at 168 h, the ¹⁴C was greatest in adipose tissue followed by spleen and then adrenal; 80% of the ¹⁴C in the liver was in the cis and all-trans configuration at all time points. At 3 h, the ¹⁴C in seminal vesicles was primarily in the all-trans plus 5-cis forms (70%), but by 168 h, 55% of ¹⁴C was present as ¹⁴C-polar products. Despite the presence of unlabeled lycopene in the prostate, the primary ¹⁴C form was in ¹⁴C-polar products (67–92%), even at 3 h. The percentage and amount of ¹⁴C-polar products in the dorsolateral prostate lobe increased from 3 to 24 h and then reached a plateau. The data suggest that lycopene may be metabolized differently among tissues in rats prefed lycopene.

KEY WORDS: • lycopene • lycopene metabolites • biodistribution • prostate cancer • rats

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