QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Murphy, S. P. Articles by Neumann, C. G. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Murphy, S. P. Articles by Neumann, C. G.

---

Supplement: Animal Source Foods to Improve Micronutrient Nutrition in Developing Countries

School Snacks Containing Animal Source Foods Improve Dietary Quality for Children in Rural Kenya^1,2

Suzanne P. Murphy^*,3, Constance Gewa, Li-Jung Liang, Monika Grillenberger^**, Nimrod O. Bwibo and Charlotte G. Neumann

^* Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, ^** Division of Human Nutrition and Epidemiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands and School of Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya

³ To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: suzanne{at}crch.hawaii.edu.

Provision of a snack at school could help alleviate the micronutrient malnutrition that is common among schoolchildren in developing countries. The Child Nutrition Project was designed to compare the efficacy of three school snacks in improving growth and cognitive function of children in rural Kenya. The snacks provided 20% of the children's energy requirement, and were composed of equicaloric portions of githeri (a vegetable stew) alone (Energy group), githeri plus milk (Milk group) or githeri plus meat (Meat group). A fourth group of children served as Controls. When nutrient intakes from three, 24-h dietary recalls collected before feeding were compared to three, 24-h recalls conducted after feeding began, intakes of vitamin B-12, riboflavin, vitamin A and calcium increased more in the Milk group than in the Control group, whereas intakes of vitamin B-12, vitamin A, calcium, available iron and available zinc increased more than those of Controls for children in the Meat group. At most of the time points examined, total energy intake increased more for the Meat group than for the other two feeding groups, because the additional energy provided by the Milk and Energy snacks was partially balanced by a decrease in the energy content of foods consumed at home. This decrease did not occur to the same extent for the Meat group, so both dietary quantity and dietary quality improved. For the Milk group, only dietary quality improved. For the Energy group, there were no significant changes in the total day's diet compared to the Control group.

KEY WORDS: • school feeding • animal source foods • nutrient intake • school children • Kenya

This article has been cited by other articles:

				B. M. Popkin Reducing Meat Consumption Has Multiple Benefits for the World's Health Arch Intern Med, March 23, 2009; 169(6): 543 - 545. [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. P. Murphy, C. Gewa, M. Grillenberger, N. O. Bwibo, and C. G. Neumann Designing Snacks to Address Micronutrient Deficiencies in Rural Kenyan Schoolchildren J. Nutr., April 1, 2007; 137(4): 1093 - 1096. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. G. Neumann, S. P. Murphy, C. Gewa, M. Grillenberger, and N. O. Bwibo Meat Supplementation Improves Growth, Cognitive, and Behavioral Outcomes in Kenyan Children J. Nutr., April 1, 2007; 137(4): 1119 - 1123. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. D. McLean, L. H. Allen, C. G. Neumann, J. M. Peerson, J. H. Siekmann, S. P. Murphy, N. O. Bwibo, and M. W. Demment Low Plasma Vitamin B-12 in Kenyan School Children Is Highly Prevalent and Improved by Supplemental Animal Source Foods J. Nutr., March 1, 2007; 137(3): 676 - 682. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. L. Rosado, M. Diaz, K. Gonzalez, I. Griffin, S. A. Abrams, and R. Preciado The Addition of Milk or Yogurt to a Plant-Based Diet Increases Zinc Bioavailability but Does Not Affect Iron Bioavailability in Women J. Nutr., March 1, 2005; 135(3): 465 - 468. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. H. Siekmann, L. H. Allen, N. O. Bwibo, M. W. Demment, S. P. Murphy, and C. G. Neumann Kenyan School Children Have Multiple Micronutrient Deficiencies, but Increased Plasma Vitamin B-12 Is the Only Detectable Micronutrient Response to Meat or Milk Supplementation J. Nutr., November 1, 2003; 133(11): 3972S - 3980. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]