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Symposium: Glucagon-Like Peptide 2: Function and Clinical Applications

Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 and Short-Chain Fatty Acids: A New Twist to an Old Story^1,2

Kelly A. Tappenden^*,,3, David M. Albin, Anne L. Bartholome and Heather Fottler Mangian^*

^* Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801

³To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: tappende{at}uiuc.edu.

The nutritional regulation of intestinal adaptation extends beyond the route of nutrient administration as specific nutrients are known to mediate the adaptive response. Dietary carbohydrates are known to enhance intestinal adaptation in patients with short-bowel syndrome. This review discusses SCFA-induced adaptation in intestinal structure and function in adult rat and neonatal piglet models. Potential mechanisms relate to the salvage of energy as SCFA in the colon, direct mediation of intestinal adaptation by SCFA and stimulated release of glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) from enteroendocrine L cells by SCFA. Among the produced SCFA, butyrate appears to be responsible for increasing plasma GLP-2 concentration, in addition to the enterotrophic effects. Emerging evidence reveals that physiological concentrations of butyrate acutely upregulate the expression of key enterocyte-associated nutrient transporters. Focused experiments are needed to carefully identify the critical components of intestinal adaptation and yield conclusions regarding the relative contributions of SCFA and GLP-2 during the various phases of this process.

KEY WORDS: • intestinal adaptation • short-bowel syndrome • nutrient transport • butyrate • piglet

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