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-Tocopherol Reduces Serum Concentrations of 
- and 
-Tocopherol in Humans1,2
* Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD and
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
3To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: hyhuang{at}jhsph.edu.
Despite promising evidence from in vitro experiments and observational studies, supplementation of diets with 
-tocopherol has not reduced the risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer in most large-scale clinical trials. One plausible explanation is that the potential health benefits of -tocopherol supplements are offset by deleterious changes in the bioavailability and/or bioactivity of other nutrients. We studied the effects of supplementing diets with RRR--tocopheryl acetate (400 IU/d) on serum concentrations of 
- and 
-tocopherol in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 184 adult nonsmokers. Outcomes were changes in serum concentrations of - and -tocopherol from baseline to the end of the 2-mo experimental period. Compared with placebo, supplementation with -tocopherol reduced serum -tocopherol concentrations by a median change of 58% [95% CI = (51%, 66%), P < 0.0001], and reduced the number of individuals with detectable -tocopherol concentrations (P < 0.0001). Consistent with trial results were the results from baseline cross-sectional analyses, in which prior vitamin E supplement users had significantly lower serum -tocopherol than nonusers. In view of the potential benefits of - and -tocopherol, the efficacy of -tocopherol supplementation may be reduced due to decreases in serum - and -tocopherol levels. Additional research is clearly warranted.
KEY WORDS: • tocopherol • vitamin E • randomized controlled trial
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