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Symposium: Advances in Retinoid Research: Mechanisms of Cancer Chemoprevention

Pharmacological Doses of Some Synthetic Retinoids Can Modulate Both the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Retinoid Receptor Pathways^1,2

Dianne Robert Soprano^*,3 and Kenneth J. Soprano^,**

Department of Biochemistry, ^* Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, ^** Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140

³To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: dsoprano{at}nimbus.temple.edu.

Retinoids have been demonstrated to have pharmacological application in the areas of dermatology and oncology. In addition to the natural retinoids such as all-trans-retinoic acid and 9-cis-retinoic acid, many new potential retinoid drugs have been synthesized, including retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-subtype selective agonists, retinoid X receptor (RXR)-selective agonists, RAR-selective antagonists, anti-AP1-specific retinoids and retinoids that induce apoptosis. Recent studies demonstrate that some retinoids, in addition to modulating the RAR/RXR pathway, are also capable at pharmacological concentrations of binding to aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and activating the AhR/AhR nuclear translocator pathway. Future studies are necessary to ascertain the consequences, if any, of activation of the AhR signaling pathway by pharmacological doses of specific retinoids.

KEY WORDS: • aryl hydrocarbon receptor • AhR nuclear translocator • retinoic acid receptor • retinoids • retinoid X receptor

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