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Nutrient Metabolism

All-trans ß-Carotene Appears to Be More Bioavailable than 9-cis or 13-cis ß-Carotene in Gerbils Given Single Oral Doses of Each Isomer^{1 ,2}

Denise M. Deming^*, Sandra R. Teixeira^* and John W. Erdman, Jr.^*,

^* Division of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801

²To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jwerdman{at}uiuc.edu.

Male gerbils (28 d old) were used to investigate the ß-carotene (ßC) isomer pattern in the intestine and tissues 6 h after ingestion of three ßC isomers. After a 49- to 52-d period of consuming the AIN93G diet without vitamin A (VA) or ßC, three groups (n = 7) were gavaged with crystalline all-trans (at)ßC, 9-cis (9c)ßC or 13-cis (13c)ßC solubilized in oil and a control group (n = 5) with oil alone. Total ßC per dose for gerbils in the atßC, 9cßC and 13cßC groups was 384 ± 3, 391 ± 2 and 386 ± 2 nmol, respectively. After 6 h, gerbils were killed and serum, stomach contents, small intestinal contents (SIC), small intestinal mucosal scrapings (SIM) and liver were collected. ßC and VA in tissues were quantified using HPLC. Nonspecific isomerization of ßC occurred in the digestive tracts of gerbils administered ßC; the greatest effect was in the SIC of the 13cßC (50:50 cis:trans) and 9cßC (70:30 cis:trans) groups. Concentrations of total ßC in the SIM of gerbils administered at ßC were greater than those intubated with 9cßC and 13cßC (P < 0.05). Gerbils that received atßC had greater total ßC concentrations in serum (P < 0.05) and total ßC stores in liver (P < 0.01) compared with those administered 9cßC and 13cßC. Gerbils intubated with 9cßC had higher levels of total ßC in serum (P = 0.05) and liver (P < 0.01) compared with those intubated with 13cßC. Because of its preferential uptake, transport and tissue accumulation, atßC appears to be a more bioavailable isomer than 9cßC or 13cßC in gerbils.

KEY WORDS: • all-trans ß-carotene • 9-cis ß-carotene • 13-cis ß-carotene • vitamin A • gerbils

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