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Nutrition and Cancer

Resveratrol Enhances the Differentiation Induced by Butyrate in Caco-2 Colon Cancer Cells¹

2nd Department of Medicine, J. W. Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany

²To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: j.stein{at}em.uni-frankfurt.de.

Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid produced in the colon by microbial fermentation of fiber, inhibits growth of colonic carcinoma cells while inducing differentiation. Resveratrol, a plant polyphenol found in red wine and peanuts, has been shown to exert chemopreventive properties on colon cancer cells. The aim of this study was to determine whether resveratrol modulates the effects of butyrate on Caco-2, a colonic adenocarcinoma cell line. The growth inhibitory effect of resveratrol (50 µmol/L) was more powerful than that of butyrate (2 mmol/L). Butyrate did not intensify the inhibition of proliferation exerted by resveratrol. Although the polyphenol enhanced the differentiation-inducing effect of butyrate, it did not elevate alkaline phosphatase activity or E-cadherin protein expression, markers of epithelial differentiation, when applied alone. Butyrate-induced transforming growth factor-ß1 secretion was inhibited by resveratrol. Treatment with the combination of resveratrol and butyrate attenuated levels of p27^Kip1, whereas resveratrol enhanced butyrate’s effect on the induction of p21^Waf1/Cip1 expression. These data demonstrate a possible combined chemopreventive effect of two substances naturally occurring in the colonic lumen after ingestion of fibers and resveratrol-containing food.

KEY WORDS: • resveratrol • Caco-2 cells • differentiation • butyrate • colon cancer

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