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Nutrient Metabolism

Medium-Chain Fatty Acids but Not L-Carnitine Accelerate the Kinetics of [¹⁴C]Triacylglycerol Utilization by Colostrum-Deprived Newborn Pigs¹

Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7621 and ^* Department of Animal Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suweon 441-744, South Korea

⁴To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jack_odle{at}ncsu.edu.

The effect of L-carnitine on in vivo fatty acid utilization was determined using colostrum-deprived newborn piglets fed emulsified triglycerides (TG) composed of [1-¹⁴C]octanoate (tri-8:0) or [1-¹⁴C]octadecanoate (tri-18:1). A soy protein–based liquid diet devoid of L-carnitine was fed piglets for 1 d to allow development of fatty acid–metabolizing enzymes and intestinal fat digestion and absorption before assessment of in vivo fat utilization. The radiolabeled TG were fed in isoenergetic amounts (97.7 kJ/kg^0.75), with or without L-carnitine (1 mmol/kg^0.75) as 30% (v/v) emulsions, using polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate as an emulsifier. Expired CO₂ was quantified and specific radioactivity (Bq/µmol) was determined at 20-min intervals over 24 h. The rate (mmol ATP·kg^-0.75·min^-1) and extent (mol ATP/kg^0.75) of TG oxidative utilization (i.e., composite of digestion, absorption and oxidation) were calculated from the kinetics of ¹⁴CO₂ expiration. The maximal rate and extent of tri-8:0 oxidation were three and fourfold greater than those of tri-18:1, respectively (P < 0.001), and tri-18:1 delayed the time to reach 10 and 50% of maximal oxidation rate by 1.2 and 1.9 h (P < 0.01, respectively), regardless of supplemental carnitine. Collectively, these findings quantify the accelerated oxidation of medium-chain vs. long-chain triglycerides, but fail to support a need for supplemental carnitine to maximize fat oxidation in colostrum-deprived piglets.

KEY WORDS: • pigs • neonate • carnitine • triglycerides • fatty acid utilization

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