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Nutritional Epidemiology

Serum ß-Glucuronidase Activity Is Inversely Associated with Plant-Food Intakes in Humans^{1 ,2}

Cancer Prevention Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109

³To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jlampe{at}fhcrc.org.

ß-Glucuronidase hydrolyzes glucuronide moieties from steroids and xenobiotics, such that circulating glucuronyl conjugates can interact with target tissues. In animal models, dietary constituents can alter ß-glucuronidase activity. In humans, serum ß-glucuronidase activity reflects liver enzyme loss during cell turnover, and thus is a surrogate for hepatic ß-glucuronidase. We recruited 83 men and 120 women, who were nonsmokers, 20–40 y of age, with self-reported vegetable and fruit (V&F) intakes of 2.5 or 4.5 servings/d. Diet was assessed by 3-d food record and serum carotenoids were measured as biomarkers of V&F intake (e.g., servings V&F vs. -carotene; r = 0.47, P = 0.0001). Serum ß-glucuronidase activity (Modified Sigma Units/L), determined in blood samples collected on two consecutive days from fasting subjects, was higher in men than women (mean ± SEM: 20.4 x 10³ ± 1.0 x10³ and 17.0 x 10³ ± 0.6 x 10³, P = 0.002). ß-Glucuronidase activity (adjusted for sex) was inversely associated with intakes of plant protein, fruit, dietary fiber (r = -0.24 to -0.30; P < 0.001), botanical groupings Cucurbitaceae, Rosaceae, and Leguminosae (r = -0.16 to -0.19; P < 0.05), and serum - and ß-carotene and ß-cryptoxanthin (r = -0.18 to -0.26; P 0.01). Activity was not associated with overall vegetable intake. Although these associations are modest, the data suggest that plant foods, particularly constituents of fruits and fiber-containing foods, may influence human ß-glucuronidase activity in a potentially favorable direction.

KEY WORDS: • ß-glucuronidase • diet • serum • fruits and vegetables • humans

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