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Nutrient Metabolism

Trans Fatty Acids Affect Lipoprotein Metabolism in Rats¹

L. M. Gatto^*, M. A. Lyons, A. J. Brown and S. Samman^*2

^* Human Nutrition Unit, School of Molecular and Microbial Biosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 and Cell Biology Group, Heart Research Institute, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia

²To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: S.Samman{at}biochem.usyd.edu.au.

This study was designed to investigate the effects of oleic (CIS), palmitic (SAT) and trans fatty acids (TRANS) on cholesterol metabolism. Rats fed the TRANS diet had lower plasma total cholesterol (P < 0.005) and non-HDL-cholesterol (non HDL-C) concentrations (P < 0.005) compared with their CIS-fed counterparts. Plasma HDL-C was highest in rats fed the SAT diet (P = 0.01). An in vivo assay of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) was performed whereby radiolabeled cholesterol was delivered to the liver as acetylated LDL and the reappearance of label into plasma and HDL was determined. Plasma radioactivity in TRANS-fed rats was lower than in their SAT-fed counterparts (P = 0.01), and consistent with the cholesterol distribution in plasma, the difference was due to lower [³H]-cholesterol in lower density lipoproteins. Despite diet-induced differences in the cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations and fatty acid composition of HDL, the amount of label in HDL did not differ among groups, suggesting that consumption of these diets resulted in HDL populations with similar capacity to participate in RCT. The present findings suggest that dietary trans fatty acids regulate the metabolism of apolipoprotein B–containing lipoproteins in rats and that the effect may be masked in species possessing high plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity. These results reinforce the important role of CETP activity in determining the distribution of plasma cholesterol in response to dietary trans fatty acids.

KEY WORDS: • trans fatty acids • lipoproteins • rats • kinetics