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Nutrient Metabolism

Amino Acid Availability Affects Amino Acid Flux and Protein Metabolism in the Porcine Mammary Gland¹

Xinfu Guan², Brian J. Bequette^*,3, Graham Calder^*, Pao K. Ku, Kent N. Ames and Nathalie L. Trottier⁴

Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824; ^* Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB; and College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824

⁴To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: trottier{at}pilot.msu.edu.

A kinetic model was used to examine transmembrane flux kinetics of lysine, methionine and valine across the porcine mammary gland (MG) under dietary amino acid (AA) limiting, adequate and excess conditions. Lactating sows (3 per treatment) were offered three diets: lysine-deficient [LD, 4.9 lysine and 9.9 valine (g/kg diet)], adequate (Control, 9.7 and 10.2) and valine-excess (VE, 9.8 and 13.4). On d 18 of lactation, 2-¹⁵N-lysine, 5-methyl-²H₃-methionine and 1-¹³C-valine were infused into a jugular vein for 20.5 h. Milk and arterial and mammary venous blood samples were collected at 2- and 1-h intervals, respectively. Compared with Control, milk yield and litter growth rate decreased (P < 0.05) in sows fed the LD diet. Model estimates of mammary protein synthesis (PS), breakdown (PB) and net PS decreased (P < 0.05) in sows fed the LD diet. Net uptake of lysine decreased (P < 0.05) in sows fed the LD diet as a result of decreases in inward and outward transport of lysine. Inward transport of methionine tended to be reduced (P < 0.10) in sows fed the LD diet, resulting in a decrease in net methionine uptake. In sows fed the VE diet, PB was reduced (P < 0.05) and PS unchanged compared with Control. Outward transport of valine and net lysine uptake were reduced (P < 0.05), but net valine uptake was unchanged in sows fed the VE diet compared with Control. In conclusion, the kinetic model provided estimates of PS that were similar to empirical measurements of milk protein output and mammary protein accretion. Transport of lysine and methionine by the porcine MG is closely linked to regulation of mammary PS. Lysine availability has little effect on the transmembrane flux of valine.

KEY WORDS: • amino acid uptake • protein turnover • lactation • compartmental kinetic model • mammary gland • pigs

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