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Biochemical and Molecular Actions of Nutrients
Research Communication

Fish Oil Containing Phytosterol Esters Alters Blood Lipid Profiles and Left Ventricle Generation of Thromboxane A₂ in Adult Guinea Pigs^{1 ,2}

H. Stephen Ewart^*3, Laura K. Cole, Jaroslav Kralovec^*, Heather Layton, Jonathan M. Curtis^*, Jeffrey L. C. Wright^*,4 and Mary G. Murphy

^* Ocean Nutrition Canada, Limited, Halifax, NS, Canada and the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada

³To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: sewart{at}ocean-nutrition.com.

This study was designed to investigate the lipid-lowering ability of a novel dietary ingredient composed of phytosterols esterified to (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) [PS(n-3)]. Adult guinea pigs were fed a test diet supplemented with PS(n-3) (25 g/kg) and corn oil (CO, 5g/kg), whereas the diet fed to control guinea pigs was supplemented with CO only (30 g/kg). Cholesterol was added to both diets (0.8 g/kg). After 3–4 wk of consuming the diets, serum total cholesterol (TC) and triacylglyercol (TAG) in the PS(n-3) group were 36 and 29% lower, respectively, than levels in controls (P < 0.05). The lower TC levels in the PS(n-3) group reflected a 38% reduction in non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-C), whereas the HDL-C concentration was unaffected. Analysis of cardiac left ventricle indicated that generation of the proaggregatory, arrhythmic eicosanoid, thromboxane A₂, was >60% lower in the PS(n-3)-supplemented guinea pigs than in CO controls (P < 0.001). This study demonstrates that the TAG-lowering and eicosanoid-modifying properties of the fish oil (n-3) PUFA are retained when they are provided in the diet in ester linkage with hypocholesterolemic phytosterols.

KEY WORDS: • phytosterol esters • fish oil • serum cholesterol • thromboxane A₂ • guinea pigs

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