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Nutrient-Gene Expression

Octanoate Attenuates Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes¹

Obesity Research Center, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118

²To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: wguo{at}bu.edu.

Preadipocytes exposed to octanoate accumulate less lipid than cells exposed to long-chain fatty acids. This effect of octanoate involves significant attenuation of expression of key adipogenic transcription factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), steroid regulatory binding element protein (SREBP)-1c and CCAAT element binding protein (C/EBP) at both the mRNA and protein levels. Expression of differentiation markers, including adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (ALBP), glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and leptin, was also significantly diminished by octanoate. However, octanoate did not prevent the decrease in preadipocyte factor-1 (Pref-1) expression that occurs during adipogenesis, nor did it inhibit the early induction of C/EBPß,. Treatment with synthetic PPAR ligands partially offset the inhibitory effect of octanoate on differentiation. Ectopic expression of PPAR2 in 3T3-L1 cells partially restored lipid accretion and GPDH activity in octanoate-treated cells. Adding octanoate together with troglitazone attenuated the effects of troglitazone on adipocyte differentiation in both normal 3T3-L1 cells and engineered 3T3-L1 cells that expressed ectopic PPAR2, implying that octanoate might compete against troglitazone for its binding to PPAR. These results suggest that octanoate may block adipogenesis at least in part by its influence on the expression/activation of PPAR.

KEY WORDS: • medium-chain fatty acids • preadipocytes • adipogenesis • transcription factors

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