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Research Communication

Serum Levels of Micronutrients, Antioxidants and Total Antioxidant Status Predict Risk of Breast Cancer in a Case Control Study¹

Simon Ching, David Ingram^*, Roland Hahnel, John Beilby and Enrico Rossi²

Department of Clinical Biochemistry, PathCentre, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, ^* Breast Centre, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital and Centre for Molecular Immunology and Instrumentation, University of Western Australia, QE II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009

²To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ric.rossi{at}health.wa.gov.au.

We performed a case control study to assess the association between serum micronutrient and antioxidant levels and the risk of breast cancer. Newly diagnosed breast cancer cases were recruited before any treatment and matched with controls randomly selected from the electoral roll. Blood samples were collected from 153 breast cancer cases and 151 controls. Serum samples were analyzed for retinol, -tocopherol, lycopene, - and ß-carotene by HPLC, and total antioxidant status by the Trolox-equivalent antioxidant assay. Serum albumin, bilirubin and uric acid levels were also determined. After adjustment for age at menarche, parity, dietary fat and alcohol intake, we observed the following reductions in odds ratios for breast cancer risk comparing the highest with the lowest quartiles: 0.47 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.24, 0.91] for ß-carotene; 0.53 (CI 0.28, 1.01) for retinol; 0.50 (CI 0.26, 0.97) for bilirubin and 0.47 (CI 0.24, 0.94) for total antioxidant status. We conclude that increased serum levels of ß-carotene, retinol, bilirubin and total antioxidant status are associated with reductions in breast cancer risk.

KEY WORDS: • antioxidants • micronutrients • breast cancer • case control study • humans

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