![[Feedback]](/icons/banner/feedbackACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[For Subscribers]](/icons/banner/subscriberACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Archive]](/icons/banner/archiveACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Search]](/icons/banner/searchACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Contents]](/icons/banner/tocACT.gif){kind=icon}
|
|
|
|
|
||
Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 and * Department of Biotechnology and Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
2To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: hoagk{at}msu.edu.
Previously we reported that vitamin A–deficient (-A) mice had a profound reduction in T helper 2 (Th2) cells, accounting for their depressed T-dependent antibody responses. Providing vitamin A or its active metabolites reversed this defect. The current experiments utilized splenocytes from T cell receptor transgenic mice to investigate how all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) augments Th2 development. These cells were stimulated in vitro in the presence or absence of atRA, with or without exogenous cytokines driving Th1 or Th2 development. Without exogenous cytokines, atRA addition significantly inhibited the interferon (IFN)-
response but did not alter the interleukin (IL)-4 response. With Th1 polarizing cytokines, atRA enhanced the IFN- response, with no effect on the IL-4 response. Most importantly, with the Th2 polarizing cytokine IL-4, atRA significantly increased the IL-4 secretion (fivefold) and also increased the Th2 cell frequency twofold. The striking Th2 enhancement was also observed when only antigen-presenting cells were treated with atRA before stimulation of untreated CD4+ transgenic T cells, but not vice versa. Thus, atRA maximized Th2 cell development in an IL-4-dependent manner, through an effect on antigen-presenting cell function.
KEY WORDS: • T helper cell • vitamin A • all-trans retinoic acid • antigen-presenting cell
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  Y. Ma and A. C. Ross Toll-Like Receptor 3 Ligand and Retinoic Acid Enhance Germinal Center Formation and Increase the Tetanus Toxoid Vaccine Response Clin. Vaccine Immunol., October 1, 2009; 16(10): 1476 - 1484. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. S Benn, P. Aaby, J. Nielsen, F. N Binka, and D. A Ross Does vitamin A supplementation interact with routine vaccinations? An analysis of the Ghana Vitamin A Supplementation Trial Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, September 1, 2009; 90(3): 629 - 639. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Xiao, H. Jin, T. Korn, S. M. Liu, M. Oukka, B. Lim, and V. K. Kuchroo Retinoic Acid Increases Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells and Inhibits Development of Th17 Cells by Enhancing TGF-{beta}-Driven Smad3 Signaling and Inhibiting IL-6 and IL-23 Receptor Expression J. Immunol., August 15, 2008; 181(4): 2277 - 2284. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. E. Lackey, S. L. Ashley, A. L. Davis, and K. A. Hoag Retinoic Acid Decreases Adherence of Murine Myeloid Dendritic Cells and Increases Production of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 J. Nutr., August 1, 2008; 138(8): 1512 - 1519. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Maret, C. Ruffie, B. Periquet, A.-M. Campo, M. Menevret, A. Phelep, K. Dziewiszek, A. Druilhe, and M. Pretolani Liposomal Retinoic Acids Modulate Asthma Manifestations in Mice J. Nutr., December 1, 2007; 137(12): 2730 - 2736. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. G. Kang, H. W. Lim, O. M. Andrisani, H. E. Broxmeyer, and C. H. Kim Vitamin A Metabolites Induce Gut-Homing FoxP3+ Regulatory T Cells J. Immunol., September 15, 2007; 179(6): 3724 - 3733. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Dzhagalov, P. Chambon, and Y.-W. He Regulation of CD8+ T Lymphocyte Effector Function and Macrophage Inflammatory Cytokine Production by Retinoic Acid Receptor {gamma} J. Immunol., February 15, 2007; 178(4): 2113 - 2121. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Z. Long, T. Estrada-Garcia, J. L. Rosado, J. I. Santos, M. Haas, M. Firestone, J. Bhagwat, C. Young, H. L. DuPont, E. Hertzmark, et al. The Effect of Vitamin A Supplementation on the Intestinal Immune Response in Mexican Children Is Modified by Pathogen Infections and Diarrhea J. Nutr., May 1, 2006; 136(5): 1365 - 1370. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Rasooly, G. U. Schuster, J. P. Gregg, J.-H. Xiao, R. A. S. Chandraratna, and C. B. Stephensen Retinoid X Receptor Agonists Increase Bcl2a1 Expression and Decrease Apoptosis of Naive T Lymphocytes J. Immunol., December 15, 2005; 175(12): 7916 - 7929. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Villamor and W. W. Fawzi Effects of Vitamin A Supplementation on Immune Responses and Correlation with Clinical Outcomes Clin. Microbiol. Rev., July 1, 2005; 18(3): 446 - 464. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Zhang, R. Smith, R. S. Chapkin, and D. N. McMurray Dietary (n-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Modulate Murine Th1/Th2 Balance toward the Th2 Pole by Suppression of Th1 Development J. Nutr., July 1, 2005; 135(7): 1745 - 1751. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Ma, Q. Chen, and A. C. Ross Retinoic Acid and Polyriboinosinic:Polyribocytidylic Acid Stimulate Robust Anti-Tetanus Antibody Production while Differentially Regulating Type 1/Type 2 Cytokines and Lymphocyte Populations J. Immunol., June 15, 2005; 174(12): 7961 - 7969. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. M. Hengesbach and K. A. Hoag Physiological Concentrations of Retinoic Acid Favor Myeloid Dendritic Cell Development over Granulocyte Development in Cultures of Bone Marrow Cells from Mice J. Nutr., October 1, 2004; 134(10): 2653 - 2659. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. B. Stephensen, X. Jiang, and T. Freytag Vitamin A Deficiency Increases the In Vivo Development of IL-10-Positive Th2 Cells and Decreases Development of Th1 Cells in Mice J. Nutr., October 1, 2004; 134(10): 2660 - 2666. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. D. Milner, D. M. Stein, R. McCarter, and R. Y. Moon Early Infant Multivitamin Supplementation Is Associated With Increased Risk for Food Allergy and Asthma Pediatrics, July 1, 2004; 114(1): 27 - 32. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. S. Benn, C. Bale, H. Sommerfelt, H. Friis, and P. Aaby Hypothesis: Vitamin A supplementation and childhood mortality: amplification of the non-specific effects of vaccines? Int. J. Epidemiol., October 1, 2003; 32(5): 822 - 828. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Iwata, Y. Eshima, and H. Kagechika Retinoic acids exert direct effects on T cells to suppress Th1 development and enhance Th2 development via retinoic acid receptors Int. Immunol., August 1, 2003; 15(8): 1017 - 1025. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
