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Departments of
*
Cancer Biology,
Pathology and
**
Urology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
2To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: scramer{at}wfubmc.edu.
We performed studies to test synergism between the growth inhibitory effects of genistein and vitamin D compounds on prostatic epithelial cells. Isobolographic analysis demonstrated that genistein, in combination with the hormonally active form of cholecalciferol, 1
,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, synergistically inhibited the growth of primary human prostatic epithelial cells (HPEC) and prostate cancer cells. Synergistic growth inhibition of HPEC was also observed between genistein and the low-calcemic vitamin D compound 25-hydroxycholecalciferol. Flow cytometry with HPEC indicated that genistein induced arrest in the G2M phase, whereas 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol or 25-hydroxycholecalciferol induced arrest in the G1/0 phase of the cell cycle. Combining genistein with either vitamin D compound resulted in both G2M and G1/0 arrest in HPEC. In contrast, flow cytometry of prostate cancer cells indicated that both genistein and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol induced a G1/0 arrest either alone or in combination. These are the first studies that demonstrate synergism between the prostatic cell growth inhibition elicited by genistein and that elicited by vitamin D compounds.
KEY WORDS: • synergism • genistein • vitamin D • prostatic epithelial cells • chemoprevention
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