![[Feedback]](/icons/banner/feedbackACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[For Subscribers]](/icons/banner/subscriberACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Archive]](/icons/banner/archiveACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Search]](/icons/banner/searchACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Contents]](/icons/banner/tocACT.gif){kind=icon}
|
|
|
|
|
||
Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
2To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: madams{at}wfubmc.edu.
The mechanisms by which dietary soy favorably influences lipoprotein metabolism and inhibits atherosclerosis are uncertain. Studies of blood mononuclear cells and cultured hepatocytes have indicated that certain soy peptides (i.e., 7S globulins) stimulate expression of LDL receptors. This pathway represents a hypothetical mechanism by which soy’s hypocholesterolemic and antiatherosclerotic effects may be mediated. However, direct evidence supporting this hypothesis is lacking. To address this, we compared effects of dietary soy protein isolate in two genetically engineered mouse models of atherosclerosis. One mouse [LDL receptor -/- + apolipoprotein (apo) B transgenic] is devoid of LDL receptors and overproduces apolipoprotein B, whereas the other (apoE -/-) has a normal complement of LDL receptors but does not produce apolipoprotein E. Male (n = 10–12/group) and ovariectomized female (n = 10–12/group) mice were studied. There were three treatment groups, which differed principally by the source of the protein component of the diet: 1) casein/lactalbumin (no isoflavones), 2) alcohol-washed soy protein isolate (total isoflavones = 0.04 mg/g), and 3) intact soy protein isolate (total isoflavones = 1.72 mg/g). Atherosclerosis was assessed by quantifying the aortic content of esterified cholesterol. Atherosclerosis was inhibited (relative to the casein/lactalbumin group) by both alcohol-washed (45 and 31%) (P < 0.05) and intact (65 and 41%) (P < 0.05) soy protein isolate in LDL receptor -/- and apoE -/- mice, respectively. There was no sex difference. In a two-way analysis, there were significant effects of type of soy isolate and type of mouse. The antiatherosclerosis effect was enhanced in LDL receptor -/- mice (P < 0.001) and diminished in mice fed alcohol-washed soy protein isolate (P < 0.001). Furthermore, inhibitory effects of soy on atherosclerosis were unrelated to plasma LDL, VLDL or HDL cholesterol concentrations. The results represent direct evidence for the existence of LDL receptor- and plasma lipoprotein-independent pathways by which dietary soy protein isolate inhibits atherosclerosis.
KEY WORDS: • atherosclerosis • mice • soy protein • isoflavones • lipoproteins
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  G. S. Getz and C. A. Reardon Diet and Murine Atherosclerosis Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., February 1, 2006; 26(2): 242 - 249. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. R. Adams, D. L. Golden, J. K. Williams, A. A. Franke, T. C. Register, and J. R. Kaplan Soy Protein Containing Isoflavones Reduces the Size of Atherosclerotic Plaques without Affecting Coronary Artery Reactivity in Adult Male Monkeys J. Nutr., December 1, 2005; 135(12): 2852 - 2856. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. C. Register, J. A. Cann, J. R. Kaplan, J. K. Williams, M. R. Adams, T. M. Morgan, M. S. Anthony, R. M. Blair, J. D. Wagner, and T. B. Clarkson Effects of Soy Isoflavones and Conjugated Equine Estrogens on Inflammatory Markers in Atherosclerotic, Ovariectomized Monkeys J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2005; 90(3): 1734 - 1740. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Martins, M. Riottot, M. C. de Abreu, M. J. Lanca, A. M. Viegas-Crespo, J. A. Almeida, J. B. Freire, and O. P. Bento Dietary Raw Peas (Pisum sativum L.) Reduce Plasma Total and LDL Cholesterol and Hepatic Esterified Cholesterol in Intact and Ileorectal Anastomosed Pigs Fed Cholesterol-Rich Diets J. Nutr., December 1, 2004; 134(12): 3305 - 3312. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Mullen, R. M. Brown, T. F. Osborne, and N. F. Shay Soy Isoflavones Affect Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins (SREBPs) and SREBP-Regulated Genes in HepG2 Cells J. Nutr., November 1, 2004; 134(11): 2942 - 2947. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. W. Xiao, M. R. L'Abbe, G. S. Gilani, G. M. Cooke, I. H. Curran, and S. A. Papademetriou Dietary Soy Protein Isolate and Isoflavones Modulate Hepatic Thyroid Hormone Receptors in Rats J. Nutr., April 1, 2004; 134(4): 743 - 749. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. C. Rodrigo, D. S. Martin, and K. M. Eyster Estrogen decreases biglycan mRNA expression in resistance blood vessels Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, October 1, 2003; 285(4): R754 - R761. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. Mezei, W. J. Banz, R. W. Steger, M. R. Peluso, T. A. Winters, and N. Shay Soy Isoflavones Exert Antidiabetic and Hypolipidemic Effects through the PPAR Pathways in Obese Zucker Rats and Murine RAW 264.7 Cells J. Nutr., May 1, 2003; 133(5): 1238 - 1243. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. M. Blair, S. E. Appt, C. Bennetau-Pelissero, T. B. Clarkson, M. S. Anthony, V. Lamothe, and S. M. Potter Dietary Soy and Soy Isoflavones Have Gender-Specific Effects on Plasma Lipids and Isoflavones in Golden Syrian F1B Hybrid Hamsters J. Nutr., December 1, 2002; 132(12): 3585 - 3591. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. R. Adams, D. L. Golden, T. C. Register, M. S. Anthony, J. B. Hodgin, N. Maeda, and J.K. Williams The Atheroprotective Effect of Dietary Soy Isoflavones in Apolipoprotein E-/- Mice Requires the Presence of Estrogen Receptor-{alpha} Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., November 1, 2002; 22(11): 1859 - 1864. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. Mezei, C. N. Chou, K. J. Kennedy, C. Tovar-Palacio, and N. F. Shay Hepatic Cytochrome p450-2A and Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate Synthetase-Associated Protein mRNA Are Induced in Gerbils after Consumption of Isoflavone-Containing Protein J. Nutr., September 1, 2002; 132(9): 2538 - 2544. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. S. Anthony Phytoestrogens and Cardiovascular Disease: Where's the Meat? Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., August 1, 2002; 22(8): 1245 - 1247. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
