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Effect of the AIN-93M Purified Diet and Dietary Restriction on Survival in Sprague-Dawley Rats: Implications for Chronic Studies¹

Peter H. Duffy², Sherry M. Lewis^*, Martha A. Mayhugh^*, Andy McCracken, Brett T. Thorn, Philip G. Reeves^**, Shirley A. Blakely, Daniel A. Casciano and Ritchie J. Feuers

Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, ^* The Bionetics Corporation, and R.O.W. Sciences, Incorporated, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079; ^** Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Grand Forks, ND 58202; U.S. Public Health Service, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, FDA, Washington, DC 20204; and Office of the Director, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079

²To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: pduffy{at}nctr.fda.gov

Survival, growth and dietary intake (DI) variables were monitored in a chronic 114-wk study in which male Sprague-Dawley rats [n = 120; National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR) colony] consumed the AIN-93M purified diet ad libitum (AL), or an amount reduced by 31% of total AL intake inclusive of all macro- and micronutrients. The main objectives were to ascertain the survival characteristics of rats fed the AIN-93M diet and to determine whether dietary restriction (DR) increases longevity of rats fed this casein-based diet compared with the use of mixed-protein sources of the NIH-31 cereal-based diet in an earlier study. Body, liver, brain, the brain/body ratio, spleen, thymus and kidney weights, body length and body density were decreased (P < 0.05) by DR, whereas testis weight and skull length were not altered by DR. Significant age effects at 58 and 114 wk were found for body, brain, the brain/body ratio, liver and testis weights, and body density. Survival rates for the AL and 31% DR groups were 43.3 and 57.5%, respectively. Survival curves were not significantly different. The survival rate for AL rats fed the AIN-93M diet was not different from that of AL rats fed the NIH-31 diet (43.3 and 51.7%, respectively). However, the survival rate for 31% DR rats fed the AIN-93M diet was significantly lower than 25% DR rats fed the NIH-31 diet (57.5 and 87.5%, respectively) although both groups had similar body weights and energy intake at various ages. Nutritional components in the NIH-31 diet that are missing and/or reduced in the AIN-93M diet may interact with DR to increase 114-wk survival. Although the survivability, growth and anatomical results of this study suggest that the AIN-93M diet is suitable for chronic rodent studies, additional studies such as comprehensive histopathologic and physiologic investigations must be undertaken to complete the evaluation process.

KEY WORDS: • AIN-93M • purified • dietary • restriction • survival • rats

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