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Articles

Starch Digestion Rate in the Small Intestine of Broiler Chickens Differs among Feedstuffs¹

Roelof E. Weurding^*,,**2, Albertus Veldman^*, Willem A. G. Veen^*, Petrus J. van der Aar^* and Martin W. A. Verstegen^**

^* Institute for Animal Nutrition, De Schothorst, P.O. Box 533, 8200 AM Lelystad, The Netherlands; Brameco · ZON, P.O. Box 8510, 5605 KM Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and ^** Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research Center, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands

²To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: eweurding{at}schothorst.nl.

Dietary starch is the major energy source for broiler chickens, and knowledge about its digestive behavior can be important. In a digestibility trial with 720 broiler chickens, site, rate and extent of starch digestion were measured for 12 feedstuffs. Starch digestion was determined using the slaughter technique, which involves removal of the small intestine from the recently killed chicken, with manual collection of the contents. Starch digestion coefficients were calculated from remaining starch in three segments of the small intestine and in excreta. Mean retention time in four segments of the small intestine was measured. This enabled calculations for starch digestion rate (k_d). Ileal starch digestibility varied from 33% (potato starch) to 99% (tapioca). Retention time for digesta in the postduodenal small intestine varied from 136 min (barley diet) to 182 min (potato diet). On the basis of starch digestion rates, a distinction was made between slowly digestible starch (k_d < 1 h^-1), gradually digestible starch (k_d:1–2 h^-1) and rapidly digestible starch (k_d > 2 h^-1). Starch from common beans was digested most slowly (k_d: 0.5 h^-1), and starch from tapioca was digested most rapidly (k_d: 4.3 h^-1). Starch digestion rates of potato starch and legume seeds were lower than those of cereal grains and tapioca. Degradation of starch entering the hind gut of the birds did not occur. Milling of corn affected rate, but not the extent of starch digestion. We concluded that site of starch digestion within the small intestine is not an accurate indicator for starch digestion rate.

KEY WORDS: • starch • broiler chickens • digestion rate • retention time

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