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Articles

Exchangeable Zinc Pool Masses and Turnover Are Maintained in Healthy Men with Low Zinc Intakes^{1 ,2}

Kathryn Pinna^*, Leslie R. Woodhouse, Barbara Sutherland, David M. Shames^** and Janet C. King

^* Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; Western Human Nutrition Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and ^** Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143

³To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jking{at}whnrc.usda.gov

Previous studies suggest that rapidly exchanging zinc pools (EZP), thought to supply the zinc required by tissues, are smaller and turn over more rapidly in individuals with lower zinc intakes. We studied the effects of low dietary zinc (4.6 mg/d) on EZP mass and turnover in seven healthy men confined during a 20-wk clinical study. Supplements of 9.1 mg zinc were given during the 5-wk baseline and repletion periods, and placebos were given during a 10-wk zinc-restriction period. Stable ⁷⁰Zn tracers were administered intravenously at the end of baseline, 3 and 10 wk after the start of zinc restriction and at the end of repletion. Multiple plasma samples were collected over an 8-d period after tracer administration. ⁷⁰Zn:⁶⁶Zn ratios were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and tracer-tracee data were analyzed by compartmental modeling. Activities of the zinc-dependent enzymes, alkaline phosphatase and 5'nucleotidase, were unchanged during the study. There were no significant changes in EZP masses or kinetic parameters. A three-compartment model indicated that the masses of plasma zinc and total EZP averaged 3.25 ± 0.58 and 147.8 ± 33.2 mg, respectively, at the four time points studied. Plasma zinc mass turned over at an average of 5.3 times per hour. There was an 11% reduction (P = 0.06) in plasma zinc flux 3 wk after the start of the low zinc diet period, but it returned to baseline values after 10 wk of zinc restriction. The results suggest that total EZP mass is maintained when dietary zinc is reduced to 4.6 mg/d over a 10-wk period.

KEY WORDS: • zinc • zinc depletion • tracer kinetics • exchangeable zinc pools • humans