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Research Communication

Dietary Plant Sterols Alter the Serum Plant Sterol Concentration but Not the Cholesterol Precursor Sterol Concentrations in Young Children (The STRIP Study)¹

Anne Tammi^*,2, Tapani Rönnemaa^**, Liisa Valsta, Ritva Seppänen, Leena Rask-Nissilä^*,, Tatu A. Miettinen, Helena Gylling, Jorma Viikari^**, Meri Anttolainen and Olli Simell

^* The Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine and the Departments of Pediatrics and ^** Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; the Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, the National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; and the Research and Development Centre of the Social Insurance Institution, Turku, Finland

²To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: anne.tammi{at}utu.fi

Plant sterol supplementation reduces serum cholesterol concentration but may increase serum plant sterol concentrations, especially in children. We determined whether natural dietary plant sterols derived mainly from vegetable oil or margarine in early childhood affect serum concentrations of plant sterols (campesterol and sitosterol) and cholesterol precursor sterols (-8 cholestenol, desmosterol, and lathosterol), reflecting endogenous cholesterol synthesis. We measured the serum sterol concentrations using gas liquid chromatography in 20 healthy 13-mo-old intervention children in a randomized, prospective study designed to decrease exposure of the children to known environmental atherosclerosis risk factors and in 20 control children. The diet of the intervention children was rich in plant sterols due to replacement of milk fat with vegetable fat, whereas the diet of the control children contained only small amounts of plant sterols. The intervention children consumed twice as much plant sterols as the control children (P < 0.001). Their serum concentrations of campesterol and sitosterol were 75% and 44% higher, respectively, than those in the control children (P < 0.001 for both), but serum cholesterol precursor sterol concentrations did not differ between the two groups. We conclude that doubling dietary plant sterol intake almost doubles serum plant sterol concentrations in 13-mo-old children, but has no effect on endogenous cholesterol synthesis. Relative intestinal absorption of natural plant sterols from the diet in early childhood is similar to that in adults.

KEY WORDS: • plant sterols • campesterol • sitosterol • cholesterol precursor sterols • children

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