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An Underfeeding Study in Healthy Men and Women Provides Further Evidence of Impaired Regulation of Energy Expenditure in Old Age¹

The U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111.

⁴To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: sroberts{at}hnrc.tufts.edu.

The effect of aging on energy regulation remains controversial. We compared the effects of underfeeding on changes in energy expenditure and respiratory quotient in young normal weight men and women [YNW, age 25.7 ± 3.2 y(SD), body mass index (BMI) 23.1 ± 1.6 kg/m²], young overweight men and women (YOW, age 26.1 ± 3.5 y, BMI 27.7 ± 2.1 kg/m²) and older (OLD) men and women (age 68.4 ± 3.3 y, BMI 27.4 ± 3.4 kg/m²). The thermic effect of feeding (TEF) during weight maintenance, and changes in resting energy expenditure (REE) and respiratory quotient were determined in response to undereating by an average 3.75 MJ/d for 6 wk. In addition, body composition was measured. No significant differences among the groups were observed in TEF, fasting and postprandial respiratory quotient, or the change in fasting respiratory quotient with underfeeding. However, REE adjusted for fat-free mass and fat mass was significantly lower in OLD subjects compared with YNW and YOW subjects (P < 0.05). In addition, the REE response to weight change was significantly attenuated in the OLD subjects (P = 0.023). These data suggest that the responsiveness of energy expenditure to negative energy balance is attenuated in old age, and provide further support for the hypothesis that mechanisms of energy regulation are broadly disregulated in old age.

KEY WORDS: • aging • energy metabolism • humans • respiratory quotient • body composition

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