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Articles

Vitamin E Improves Microsomal Phospholipase A₂ Activity and the Arachidonic Acid Cascade in Kidney of Diabetic Rats¹

Oh-Gye Kwag^*, Sung-Ok Kim, Jeong-Hwa Choi, In-Koo Rhee^**, Myung-Sook Choi and Soon-Jae Rhee²

^* Department of Nursing Science, Taegu Science College, Taegu, Korea 702-722; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Catholic University of Taegu-Hyosung, Kyongsansi, Kyongbuk, Korea 712-702 and ^** Agriculture Chemistry and Nutrition and Food Science, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, 702-701, Korea

²To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: sjrhee{at}cuth.cataegu.ac.kr

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of vitamin E on microsomal phospholipase A₂ activity and the arachidonic acid cascade in the kidneys of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100 ± 10 g were randomly assigned to one normal and three STZ-induced diabetic groups. The diabetic groups were fed a vitamin E–free diet (the DM-0E group), 40 mg vitamin E/kg diet (the DM-40E group) or a 400 mg vitamin E/kg diet (the DM-400E group). The kidney vitamin E concentrations were 59 and 49% lower in the DM-0E and DM-40E groups, respectively, than in the normal group. The kidney thiobarbituric acid reactive substance concentrations in the DM-0E, DM-40E and DM-400E groups were 119, 84 and 33% greater, respectively, than that in the normal group. The concentration in the DM-400E group was 39% lower than that in the DM-0E group. The phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂) activity in the kidney microsomes of the DM-0E-40E and DM-400E groups were 88, 58 and 35% greater, respectively, than that in the normal group. The activity in the DM-400E group was 28% lower than that in the DM-0E group and 16% lower than that in the DM-40E group. The differences in the phospholipids in the kidney microsomes included reductions in the phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine compositions. Phosphatidylethanolamine hydrolysis in the kidney microsomes of the DM-0E and DM-40E groups were 84 and 64%, which did not differ from the DM-400E group. The formation of thromboxane A₂ (TXA₂) in the kidney microsomes was 137 and 70% greater in the DM-0E and DM-40E groups, respectively, than in the normal group. TXA₂ formation did not differ between the DM-400E and normal groups. The formation of prostacyclin in the kidney microsomes was 60 and 44% lower in the DM-0E and DM-40E groups, respectively, than in the normal group, whereas the DM-400E group did not differ from that in the normal group. The ratio of prostacyclin to TXA₂ was 82 and 65% lower than normal in the DM-0E and DM-40E groups, respectively. Kidney function appears to be improved by vitamin E supplementation due to its antithrombus action, which in turn controls the arachidonic acid cascade system.

KEY WORDS: • diabetes • vitamin E • antithrombus • phospholipase A • lipid peroxidation