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Articles

Class 2 Resistant Starches Lower Plasma and Liver Lipids and Improve Mineral Retention in Rats

Hubert W. Lopez^*2, Marie-Anne Levrat-Verny, Charles Coudray, Catherine Besson, Virginie Krespine^*, Arnaud Messager^*, Christian Demigné and Christian Rémésy

^* Unité de Laboratoire pour l’Innovation dans les Céréales, ZAC "Les Portes de Riom," BP 173, F-63204 Riom, France and Laboratoire Maladies Métaboliques et Micronutriments, Centre de Recherches en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, INRA, Clermont-Ferrand/Theix, F-63122 St-Genès-Champanelle, France

²To whom correspondence should be addressed at U3M, INRA Theix, F-63122 Theix, France. E-mail: lopez{at}clermont.inra.fr

The effects of raw potato starch (RPS) and high amylose corn starch (HAS) on cecal digestion, lipid metabolism and mineral utilization (Ca and Mg) were compared in rats adapted to semipurified diets. The diets provided either 710 g wheat starch/100 g diet (control) alone or 510 g wheat starch/100 g diet plus 200 g resistant starch/100 g (RPS or HAS). Compared with rats fed the control diet, significant cecal hypertrophy (240% after 7 d of the fiber consumption) and short-chain fatty acids accumulation (especially propionic and butyric acids) occurred after both resistant starch diets. Apparent Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe and Cu absorptions were similarly enhanced by RPS and HAS (50, 50, 27, 21 and 90%, respectively). Cholesterol absorption was reduced to 14% of intake in rats fed RPS or HAS compared with 47% absorption in control rats. RPS and HAS were also effective in lowering plasma cholesterol (-31 and -27%, respectively) and triglycerides (-28 and -22%, respectively). There was no effect of the diets on cholesterol in d > 1.040 kg/L lipoproteins (HDL), whereas RPS and HAS depressed cholesterol in d < 1.040 kg/L lipoproteins (especially in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins). Moreover, there were lower concentrations of cholesterol (-50 and -40%, respectively) and triglycerides (-53 and -47%, respectively) in the livers of RPS- and HAS-fed rats. Thus, RPS and HAS have similar effects on intestinal fermentation, mineral utilization and cholesterol metabolism in rats.

KEY WORDS: • calcium • copper • dietary fiber • iron • magnesium • zinc • rats

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