![[Feedback]](/icons/banner/feedbackACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[For Subscribers]](/icons/banner/subscriberACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Archive]](/icons/banner/archiveACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Search]](/icons/banner/searchACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Contents]](/icons/banner/tocACT.gif){kind=icon}
|
|
|
|
|
||
Department of Nutrition and the Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-3997
2To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed at Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #8120 University Square, 123 West Franklin Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-3997. E-mail: popkin{at}unc.edu.
Changes in diet and activity patterns are fueling the obesity epidemic. These rapid changes in the levels and composition of dietary and activity/inactivity patterns in transitional societies are related to a number of socioeconomic and demographic changes. Using data mainly from large nationally representative and nationwide surveys, such as the 1989, 1991, 1993 and 1997 China Health and Nutrition Surveys, in combination with comparative analysis across the regions of the world, we examine these factors. First, we show the shifts in diet and activity are consistent with the rapid changes in child and adult obesity and in some cases have been causally linked. We then provide a few examples of the rapid changes in the structure of diet and activity, in particular associated with increased income. Cross-country and in-depth analysis of the China study are used to explore these relationships. People living in urban areas consume diets distinctly different from those of their rural counterparts. One of the more profound effects is the accelerated change in the structure of diet, only partially explained by economic factors. A second is the emergence of a large proportion of families with both currently malnourished and overweight members as is shown by comparative analysis of a number of Asian and Latin American countries.
KEY WORDS: • nutrition transition • obesity epidemic
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  K. Siegel, K.M. V. Narayan, and S. Kinra Finding A Policy Solution To India's Diabetes Epidemic Health Aff., July 1, 2008; 27(4): 1077 - 1090. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. S Pednekar, M. Hakama, J. R Hebert, and P. C Gupta Association of body mass index with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: findings from a prospective cohort study in Mumbai (Bombay), India Int. J. Epidemiol., June 1, 2008; 37(3): 524 - 535. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Xiaohui Hou Urban--Rural Disparity of Overweight, Hypertension, Undiagnosed Hypertension, and Untreated Hypertension in China Asia Pac J Public Health, April 1, 2008; 20(2): 159 - 169. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Esmaillzadeh and L. Azadbakht Major Dietary Patterns in Relation to General Obesity and Central Adiposity among Iranian Women J. Nutr., February 1, 2008; 138(2): 358 - 363. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. S. Pednekar, P. C. Gupta, J. R. Hebert, and M. Hakama Joint Effects of Tobacco Use and Body Mass on All-Cause Mortality in Mumbai, India: Results from a Population-based Cohort Study Am. J. Epidemiol., February 1, 2008; 167(3): 330 - 340. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. M. Patterson, A. A. Dunn-Meynell, and B. E. Levin Three weeks of early-onset exercise prolongs obesity resistance in DIO rats after exercise cessation Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, February 1, 2008; 294(2): R290 - R301. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Mejean, P. Traissac, S. Eymard-Duvernay, J. El Ati, F. Delpeuch, and B. Maire Diet Quality of North African Migrants in France Partly Explains Their Lower Prevalence of Diet-Related Chronic Conditions Relative to Their Native French Peers J. Nutr., September 1, 2007; 137(9): 2106 - 2113. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. H. Witkowski Food Marketing and Obesity in Developing Countries: Analysis, Ethics, and Public Policy Journal of Macromarketing, June 1, 2007; 27(2): 126 - 137. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Shafique, N. Akhter, G. Stallkamp, S. de Pee, D. Panagides, and M. W Bloem Trends of under- and overweight among rural and urban poor women indicate the double burden of malnutrition in Bangladesh Int. J. Epidemiol., April 1, 2007; 36(2): 449 - 457. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Gittelsohn, W. Dyckman, M. L. Tan, M. K. Boggs, K. D. Frick, J. Alfred, P. J. Winch, H. Haberle, and N. A. Palafox Development and Implementation of a Food Store-Based Intervention to Improve Diet in the Republic of the Marshall Islands Health Promot Pract, October 1, 2006; 7(4): 396 - 405. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M Prentice The emerging epidemic of obesity in developing countries Int. J. Epidemiol., February 1, 2006; 35(1): 93 - 99. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. M. Song Commentary: Varying relation of socioeconomic status with obesity between countries at different stages of development Int. J. Epidemiol., February 1, 2006; 35(1): 112 - 113. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. V. da Veiga, A. S. da Cunha, and R. Sichieri Trends in Overweight Among Adolescents Living in the Poorest and Richest Regions of Brazil Am J Public Health, September 1, 2004; 94(9): 1544 - 1548. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. C. Fernald, J. P. Gutierrez, L. M. Neufeld, G. Olaiz, S. M. Bertozzi, M. Mietus-Snyder, and P. J. Gertler High Prevalence of Obesity Among the Poor in Mexico JAMA, June 2, 2004; 291(21): 2544 - 2545. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Lopez-Ridaura, W. C. Willett, E. B. Rimm, S. Liu, M. J. Stampfer, J. E. Manson, and F. B. Hu Magnesium Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Men and Women Diabetes Care, January 1, 2004; 27(1): 134 - 140. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Forrester Historic and Early Life Origins of Hypertension in Africans J. Nutr., January 1, 2004; 134(1): 211 - 216. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. C Gulliford, D. Mahabir, and B. Rocke Food insecurity, food choices, and body mass index in adults: nutrition transition in Trinidad and Tobago Int. J. Epidemiol., August 1, 2003; 32(4): 508 - 516. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. R. Hawks, H. N. Madanat, R. M. Merrill, M. B. Goudy, and T. Miyagawa A cross-cultural analysis of 'motivation for eating' as a potential factor in the emergence of global obesity: Japan and the United States Health Promot. Int., June 1, 2003; 18(2): 153 - 162. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. C-H. Chiu, B.-T. Ji, Q. Dai, G. Gridley, J. K. McLaughlin, Y.-T. Gao, J. F. Fraumeni Jr., and W.-H. Chow Dietary Factors and Risk of Colon Cancer in Shanghai, China Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., March 1, 2003; 12(3): 201 - 208. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. D. Salbe, C. Weyer, I. Harper, R. S. Lindsay, E. Ravussin, and P. A. Tataranni Assessing Risk Factors for Obesity Between Childhood and Adolescence: II. Energy Metabolism and Physical Activity Pediatrics, August 1, 2002; 110(2): 307 - 314. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Yao, S. B. Roberts, G. Ma, H. Pan, and M. A. McCrory Field Methods for Body Composition Assessment Are Valid in Healthy Chinese Adults J. Nutr., February 1, 2002; 132(2): 310 - 317. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. S. Adair, C. W. Kuzawa, and J. Borja Maternal Energy Stores and Diet Composition During Pregnancy Program Adolescent Blood Pressure Circulation, August 28, 2001; 104(9): 1034 - 1039. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
