QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Ide, N. Articles by Lau, B. H. S. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Ide, N. Articles by Lau, B. H. S.

---

Supplement: Recent Advances on the Nutritional Effects Associated with the Use of Garlic as a Supplement

Garlic Compounds Minimize Intracellular Oxidative Stress and Inhibit Nuclear Factor-B Activation^{1 ,2}

Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350

³To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: bLau{at}som.llu.edu.

ABSTRACT

Oxidative modification of LDL has been recognized as playing an important role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. In this study, we determined the effects of aged garlic extract (AGE) and its major compound, S-allylcysteine (SAC), on oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL)–induced injury in endothelial cells (EC). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release as an index of membrane damage, methylthiazol tetrazoium (MTT) assay for cell viability and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) indicating lipid peroxidation were measured. Ox-LDL caused an increase of LDH release, loss of cell viability and TBARS formation. Both AGE and SAC prevented all of these changes. To elucidate the mechanism, effects of AGE or SAC on intracellular glutathione (GSH) level in EC, and release of peroxide from EC and macrophages (M) were determined. Ox-LDL depleted intracellular GSH and increased release of peroxides. Both AGE and SAC inhibited these changes. Effects of SAC on hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-–induced nuclear factor (NF)-B activation were determined. Pretreatment of EC with SAC inhibited NF-B activation. We demonstrated that both AGE and SAC can protect EC from Ox-LDL–induced injury by preventing intracellular GSH depletion in EC and by minimizing release of peroxides from EC and M. SAC also inhibited H₂O₂- or TNF-–induced NF-B activation. Our data suggest that AGE and its main compound, SAC, may be useful for prevention of atherosclerosis.

KEY WORDS: • aged garlic extract • S-allylcysteine • oxidized LDL • endothelial cells • cytotoxicity

This article has been cited by other articles:

				Y.-P. Lei, H.-W. Chen, L.-Y. Sheen, and C.-K. Lii Diallyl Disulfide and Diallyl Trisulfide Suppress Oxidized LDL-Induced Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule and E-Selectin Expression through Protein Kinase A- and B-Dependent Signaling Pathways J. Nutr., June 1, 2008; 138(6): 996 - 1003. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. J. Hofseth and M. J. Wargovich Inflammation, Cancer, and Targets of Ginseng J. Nutr., January 1, 2007; 137(1): 183S - 185S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. B. van Doorn, S. M E. Santo, P. Meijer, I. M Kamerling, R. C Schoemaker, V. Dirsch, A. Vollmar, T. Haffner, R. Gebhardt, A. F Cohen, et al. Effect of garlic powder on C-reactive protein and plasma lipids in overweight and smoking subjects Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, December 1, 2006; 84(6): 1324 - 1329. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Rahman and G. M. Lowe Garlic and Cardiovascular Disease: A Critical Review J. Nutr., March 1, 2006; 136(3): 736S - 740S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Weiss, N. Ide, T. Abahji, L. Nill, C. Keller, and U. Hoffmann Aged Garlic Extract Improves Homocysteine-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction in Macro- and Microcirculation J. Nutr., March 1, 2006; 136(3): 750S - 754S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Ide, C. Keller, and N. Weiss Aged Garlic Extract Inhibits Homocysteine-Induced CD36 Expression and Foam Cell Formation in Human Macrophages J. Nutr., March 1, 2006; 136(3): 755S - 758S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Takasu, R. Uykimpang, M. A. Sunga, H. Amagase, and Y. Niihara Aged Garlic Extract Is a Potential Therapy for Sickle-Cell Anemia J. Nutr., March 1, 2006; 136(3): 803S - 805S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. T. Pinto, B. F. Krasnikov, and A. J. L. Cooper Redox-Sensitive Proteins Are Potential Targets of Garlic-Derived Mercaptocysteine Derivatives J. Nutr., March 1, 2006; 136(3): 835S - 841S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Masella, R. Vari, M. D'Archivio, R. Di Benedetto, P. Matarrese, W. Malorni, B. Scazzocchio, and C. Giovannini Extra Virgin Olive Oil Biophenols Inhibit Cell-Mediated Oxidation of LDL by Increasing the mRNA Transcription of Glutathione-Related Enzymes J. Nutr., April 1, 2004; 134(4): 785 - 791. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H.-P. Keiss, V. M. Dirsch, T. Hartung, T. Haffner, L. Trueman, J. Auger, R. Kahane, and A. M. Vollmar Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Modulates Cytokine Expression in Lipopolysaccharide-Activated Human Blood Thereby Inhibiting NF-{kappa}B Activity J. Nutr., July 1, 2003; 133(7): 2171 - 2175. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]