![[Feedback]](/icons/banner/feedbackACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[For Subscribers]](/icons/banner/subscriberACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Archive]](/icons/banner/archiveACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Search]](/icons/banner/searchACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Contents]](/icons/banner/tocACT.gif){kind=icon}
|
|
|
|
|
||
-Tocotrienol Antioxidant Action and Cell Signalling1
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200
2To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: packer{at}socrates.berkeley.edu.
Vitamin E, the most important lipid-soluble antioxidant, was discovered at the University of California at Berkeley in 1922 in the laboratory of Herbert M. Evans (Science 1922, 55: 650). At least eight vitamin E isoforms with biological activity have been isolated from plant sources. Since its discovery, mainly antioxidant and recently also cell signaling aspects of tocopherols and tocotrienols have been studied. Tocopherols and tocotrienols are part of an interlinking set of antioxidant cycles, which has been termed the antioxidant network. Although the antioxidant activity of tocotrienols is higher than that of tocopherols, tocotrienols have a lower bioavailability after oral ingestion. Tocotrienols penetrate rapidly through skin and efficiently combat oxidative stress induced by UV or ozone. Tocotrienols have beneficial effects in cardiovascular diseases both by inhibiting LDL oxidation and by down-regulating 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase, a key enzyme of the mevalonate pathway. Important novel antiproliferative and neuroprotective effects of tocotrienols, which may be independent of their antioxidant activity, have also been described.
KEY WORDS: • tocotrienols • tocopherols • antioxidants • cell signaling
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  C. Abe, S. Ikeda, T. Uchida, K. Yamashita, and T. Ichikawa Triton WR1339, an Inhibitor of Lipoprotein Lipase, Decreases Vitamin E Concentration in Some Tissues of Rats by Inhibiting Its Transport to Liver J. Nutr., February 1, 2007; 137(2): 345 - 350. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Tanito, Y. Yoshida, S. Kaidzu, Z.-H. Chen, O. Cynshi, K.-i. Jishage, E. Niki, and A. Ohira Acceleration of Age-Related Changes in the Retina in {alpha}-Tocopherol Transfer Protein Null Mice Fed a Vitamin E-Deficient Diet Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., January 1, 2007; 48(1): 396 - 404. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Fairus, R. M Nor, H. M Cheng, and K. Sundram Postprandial metabolic fate of tocotrienol-rich vitamin E differs significantly from that of {alpha}-tocopherol. Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, October 1, 2006; 84(4): 835 - 842. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X. Yi and N. Maeda Endogenous Production of Lipoic Acid Is Essential for Mouse Development Mol. Cell. Biol., September 15, 2005; 25(18): 8387 - 8392. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. SAITO, Y. YOSHIDA, K. NISHIO, M. HAYAKAWA, and E. NIKI Characterization of Cellular Uptake and Distribution of Vitamin E Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., December 1, 2004; 1031(1): 368 - 375. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J.-A. Gomez, X. Molero, E. Vaquero, A. Alonso, A. Salas, and J.-R. Malagelada Vitamin E attenuates biochemical and morphological features associated with development of chronic pancreatitis Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, July 1, 2004; 287(1): G162 - G169. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Svilaas, A. K. Sakhi, L. F. Andersen, T. Svilaas, E. C. Strom, D. R. Jacobs Jr., L. Ose, and R. Blomhoff Intakes of Antioxidants in Coffee, Wine, and Vegetables Are Correlated with Plasma Carotenoids in Humans J. Nutr., March 1, 2004; 134(3): 562 - 567. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Rippert, C. Scimemi, M. Dubald, and M. Matringe Engineering Plant Shikimate Pathway for Production of Tocotrienol and Improving Herbicide Resistance Plant Physiology, January 1, 2004; 134(1): 92 - 100. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Saito, Y. Yoshida, T. Akazawa, K. Takahashi, and E. Niki Cell Death Caused by Selenium Deficiency and Protective Effect of Antioxidants J. Biol. Chem., October 10, 2003; 278(41): 39428 - 39434. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Ikeda, T. Tohyama, H. Yoshimura, K. Hamamura, K. Abe, and K. Yamashita Dietary {alpha}-Tocopherol Decreases {alpha}-Tocotrienol but Not {gamma}-Tocotrienol Concentration in Rats J. Nutr., February 1, 2003; 133(2): 428 - 434. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. L. Halvorsen, K. Holte, M. C. W. Myhrstad, I. Barikmo, E. Hvattum, S. F. Remberg, A.-B. Wold, K. Haffner, H. Baugerod, L. F. Andersen, et al. A Systematic Screening of Total Antioxidants in Dietary Plants J. Nutr., March 1, 2002; 132(3): 461 - 471. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. RICCIARELLI, J.-M. ZINGG, and A. AZZI Vitamin E: protective role of a Janus molecule FASEB J, November 1, 2001; 15(13): 2314 - 2325. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Ikeda, K. Toyoshima, and K. Yamashita Dietary Sesame Seeds Elevate {alpha}- and {gamma}-Tocotrienol Concentrations in Skin and Adipose Tissue of Rats Fed the Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction Extracted from Palm Oil J. Nutr., November 1, 2001; 131(11): 2892 - 2897. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. A. Qureshi, W. A. Salser, R. Parmar, and E. E. Emeson Novel Tocotrienols of Rice Bran Inhibit Atherosclerotic Lesions in C57BL/6 ApoE-Deficient Mice J. Nutr., October 1, 2001; 131(10): 2606 - 2618. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
