QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Krauss, R. M. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Krauss, R. M.

---

Supplement

Atherogenic Lipoprotein Phenotype and Diet-Gene Interactions^{1 ,2}

Department of Molecular and Nuclear Medicine, Life Sciences Division, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720

Studies employing analysis of LDL subclasses have demonstrated heterogeneity of the LDL response to low fat, high carbohydrate diets in healthy nonobese subjects. In individuals with a genetically influenced atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype, characterized by a predominance of small dense LDL (LDL subclass pattern B), lowering of plasma LDL cholesterol levels by diets with 24% fat has been found to represent a reduction in numbers of circulating mid-sized and small LDL particles, and hence an expected lowering of cardiovascular disease risk. In contrast, in the majority of healthy individuals with larger LDL (pattern A, found in 70% of men and a larger percentage of women), a significant proportion of the low fat diet–induced reduction in plasma LDL cholesterol is made by depletion of the cholesterol content of LDL particles. This change in LDL composition is accompanied by a shift from larger to smaller LDL particle diameters. Moreover, with progressive reduction of dietary fat and isocaloric substitution of carbohydrate, an increasing number of subjects with pattern A convert to the pattern B phenotype. Studies in families have indicated that susceptibility to induction of pattern B by low fat diets is under genetic influence. Thus, diet-gene interactions affecting LDL subclass patterns may contribute to substantial interindividual variability in the effects of low fat diets on coronary heart disease risk.

KEY WORDS: • cholesterol • LDL • diet • fat • carbohydrate • lipoprotein subclasses

This article has been cited by other articles:

				S. Shrestha, H. C. Freake, M. M. McGrane, J. S. Volek, and M. L. Fernandez A Combination of Psyllium and Plant Sterols Alters Lipoprotein Metabolism in Hypercholesterolemic Subjects by Modifying the Intravascular Processing of Lipoproteins and Increasing LDL Uptake J. Nutr., May 1, 2007; 137(5): 1165 - 1170. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. Ensign, N. Hill, and C. B. Heward Disparate LDL Phenotypic Classification among 4 Different Methods Assessing LDL Particle Characteristics Clin. Chem., September 1, 2006; 52(9): 1722 - 1727. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Gazi, E. S. Lourida, T. Filippatos, V. Tsimihodimos, M. Elisaf, and A. D. Tselepis Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 Activity Is a Marker of Small, Dense LDL Particles in Human Plasma Clin. Chem., December 1, 2005; 51(12): 2264 - 2273. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. S. Bloch Low Carbohydrate Diets, Pro: Time to Rethink Our Current Strategies Nutr Clin Pract, February 1, 2005; 20(1): 3 - 12. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. D. Proctor, D. F. Vine, and J. C.L. Mamo Arterial Permeability and Efflux of Apolipoprotein B-Containing Lipoproteins Assessed by In Situ Perfusion and Three-Dimensional Quantitative Confocal Microscopy Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., November 1, 2004; 24(11): 2162 - 2167. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. N. Ballesteros, R. M. Cabrera, M. del Socorro Saucedo, and M. L. Fernandez Dietary cholesterol does not increase biomarkers for chronic disease in a pediatric population from northern Mexico Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, October 1, 2004; 80(4): 855 - 861. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. L. Herron and M. L. Fernandez Are the Current Dietary Guidelines Regarding Egg Consumption Appropriate? J. Nutr., January 1, 2004; 134(1): 187 - 190. [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Ros Dietary cis-monounsaturated fatty acids and metabolic control in type 2 diabetes Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, September 1, 2003; 78(3): 617S - 625. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. P Mensink, P. L Zock, A. D. Kester, and M. B Katan Effects of dietary fatty acids and carbohydrates on the ratio of serum total to HDL cholesterol and on serum lipids and apolipoproteins: a meta-analysis of 60 controlled trials Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, May 1, 2003; 77(5): 1146 - 1155. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. L. Herron, S. Vega-Lopez, K. Conde, T. Ramjiganesh, N. S. Shachter, and M. L. Fernandez Men Classified as Hypo- or Hyperresponders to Dietary Cholesterol Feeding Exhibit Differences in Lipoprotein Metabolism J. Nutr., April 1, 2003; 133(4): 1036 - 1042. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. J. Sharman, W. J. Kraemer, D. M. Love, N. G. Avery, A. L. Gomez, T. P. Scheett, and J. S. Volek A Ketogenic Diet Favorably Affects Serum Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Disease in Normal-Weight Men J. Nutr., July 1, 2002; 132(7): 1879 - 1885. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]