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Articles

Novel Tocotrienols of Rice Bran Suppress Cholesterogenesis in Hereditary Hypercholesterolemic Swine¹

Asaf A. Qureshi^*2, David M. Peterson^,**, Judith O. Hasler-Rapacz and Jan Rapacz

^* Advanced Medical Research, Madison, Wisconsin 53719; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, Wisconsin 53705; ^** Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 and Departments of Genetics and Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin

²To whom correspondence should be addressed at Advanced Medical Research, 8251 Raymond Road, Madison, WI 53719. E-mail: nqureshi{at}mhub.facstaff.wisc.edu

A tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF₂₅) and novel tocotrienols (d-P₂₁-T3 and d-P₂₅-T3) of rice bran significantly lowered serum and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in chickens. The present study evaluated the effects of novel tocotrienols on lipid metabolism in swine expressing hereditary hypercholesterolemia. Fifteen 4-mo-old genetically hypercholesterolemic swine were divided into five groups (n = 3). Four groups were fed a corn-soybean control diet, supplemented with 50 µg of either TRF₂₅, -tocotrienol, d-P₂₁-T3 or d-P₂₅-T3 per g for 6 wk. Group 5 was fed the control diet for 6 wk and served as a control. After 6 wk, serum total cholesterol was reduced 32–38%, low density lipoprotein cholesterol was reduced 35–43%, apolipoprotein B was reduced 20–28%, platelet factor 4 was reduced 12–24%, thromboxane B₂ was reduced 11–18%, glucose was reduced 22–25% (P < 0.01), triglycerides were reduced 15–19% and glucagon was reduced 11–17% (P < 0.05) in the treatment groups relative to the control. Insulin was 100% greater (P < 0.01) in the treatment groups than in the control group. Preliminary data (n = 1) indicated that hepatic activity of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl–coenzyme A reductase was lower in the treatment groups, and cholesterol 7-hydroxylase activity was unaffected. Cholesterol and fatty acid levels in various tissues were lower in the treatment groups than in control. After being fed the tocotrienol-supplemented diets, two swine in each group were transferred to the control diet for 10 wk. The lower concentrations of serum lipids in these four treatment groups persisted for 10 wk. This persistent effect may have resulted from the high tocotrienol levels in blood of the treatment groups, suggesting that the conversion of tocotrienols to tocopherols may not be as rapid as was reported in chickens and humans.

KEY WORDS: • hereditary hypercholesterolemic (HH) swine • rice bran • novel tocotrienols • lipid metabolism • cholesterol metabolism

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