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Articles

Life Span Is Prolonged in Food-Restricted Autoimmune-Prone (NZB x NZW)F(1) Mice Fed a Diet Enriched with (n-3) Fatty Acids¹

Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and ^* Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900

²To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: fernandes{at}uthscsa.edu.

Moderate food and/or energy (calorie) restriction delays age-related immune dysfunction and prolongs life span in multiple animal models. The amount and type of dietary fatty acids can also profoundly affect life span. Marine-derived fish oils contain (n-3) fatty acids, which have potent anti-inflammatory properties. We therefore examined the influence of food restriction (40% overall reduction in intake of all dietary components) combined with substitution of fish oil for corn oil in a factorial design. Autoimmune-prone (NZB x NZW)F(1) (B/W) mice, which develop fatal autoimmune renal disease, were used. The food-restricted/fish oil diet maximally extended median life span to 645 d (vs. 494 d for the food-restricted corn oil diet). Similarly, fish oil prolonged life span in the ad libitum–fed mice to 345 d (vs. 242 for the ad libitum/corn oil diet). Increased life span was partially associated with decreased body weight, blunting renal proinflammatory cytokine (interferon-, interleukins-10 and -12 and tumor necrosis factor-) levels and lower nuclear factor-B (NF-B). Reductions in NF-B were preceded by enhanced superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities. These findings demonstrate the profound additive effects of food restriction and (n-3) fatty acids in prolonging life span in B/W mice. These observations may have additional implications in the management of obesity, diabetes, cancer and/or the aging process.

KEY WORDS: • food restriction • (n-3) fatty acids • renal disease • autoimmunity • mice

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