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Articles

Novel Tocotrienols of Rice Bran Inhibit Atherosclerotic Lesions in C57BL/6 ApoE-Deficient Mice¹

Asaf A. Qureshi², Winston A. Salser^*, Rupal Parmar and Eugene E. Emeson

Advanced Medical Research, Madison, WI 53719; ^* Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024; and Department of Pathology, University of Illinois, Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612

²To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed. E-mail: nqureshi{at}mhub.facstaff.wisc.edu.

We are studying novel tocotrienols, which have a number of activities that might interfere with the formation of atherosclerotic placques, including hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferation effects. This study compared the effects of -tocopherol, the tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF₂₅) and didesmethyl tocotrienol (d-P₂₅-T3) of rice bran on the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic lesions in C57BL/6 apolipoprotein (apo)E-deficient (-/-) mice. These mice are an excellent model because they become hyperlipidemic even when they consume a low fat diet and they develop complex atherosclerotic lesions similar to those of humans. These compounds were also tested in wild-type C57BL/6 apoE (+/+) and (+/-) mice fed low or high fat diets. When a high fat diet was supplemented with -tocopherol, TRF₂₅ or d-P₂₅-T3 and fed to mice (+/+) for 24 wk, atherosclerotic lesion size was reduced 23% (P = 0.33), 36% (P = 0.14) and 57% (P < 0.02), respectively, and in mice (+/-) fed for 18 wk, lesions were reduced by 19% (P = 0.15), 28% (P < 0.01) and 33% (P < 0.005), respectively, compared with mice fed a control diet. A low fat diet did not cause atherosclerotic lesions in these mice. The low fat diet supplemented with TRF₂₅ or d-P₂₅-T3 fed to apoE-deficient (-/-) mice for 14 wk decreased atherosclerotic lesion size by 42% (P < 0.04) and 47% (P < 0.01), respectively, whereas -tocopherol supplementation resulted in only an 11% (P = 0.62) reduction. These results demonstrate the superior efficacy of tocotrienols compared with -tocopherol. Although tocotrienols decreased serum triglycerides, total and LDL cholesterol levels, the decreases in atherosclerotic lesions seem to be due to the other activities. Serum tocol concentrations in various groups are also described. This is the first report of a significant reduction in the atherosclerotic lesion size in all three genotypes of apoE mice fed a novel tocotrienol (d-P₂₅-T3) of rice bran. Dietary tocotrienol supplements may provide a unique approach to promoting cardiovascular health.

KEY WORDS: • C57BL/6 apoE-deficient (-/-) mice • novel tocotrienols (TRF₂₅, d-P₂₅-T3) • atherosclerotic lesions • serum cholesterol • triglycerides

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