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Division of Human Nutrition and Epidemiology, Wageningen University, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands and * State Institute for Quality Control of Agricultural Products (RIKILT), 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
2To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed. E-mail: margreet.olthof{at}staff.nutepi.wau.nl.
Chlorogenic acid, an ester of caffeic acid and quinic acid, is a major phenolic compound in coffee; daily intake in coffee drinkers is 0.5–1 g. Chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid are antioxidants in vitro and might therefore contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular disease. However, data on the absorption of chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid in humans are lacking. We determined the absorption of chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid in a cross-over study with 4 female and 3 male healthy ileostomy subjects. In such subjects, degradation by the colonic microflora is minimal and absorption can be calculated as the amount ingested minus the amount excreted in ileostomy effluent. The ileostomy subjects ingested 2.8 mmol chlorogenic acid and 2.8 mmol caffeic acid on separate days in random order and subsequently collected ileostomy fluid and urine for 24 h. Absorption of chlorogenic acid was 33 ± 17% (mean ± SD) and of caffeic acid 95 ± 4%. Traces of the ingested chlorogenic acid and 11% of the ingested caffeic acid were excreted in urine. Thus, one third of chlorogenic acid and almost all of the caffeic acid were absorbed in the small intestine of humans. This implies that part of chlorogenic acid from foods will enter into the blood circulation, but most will reach the colon.
KEY WORDS: • phenolic compounds • chlorogenic acid • caffeic acid • absorption • ileostomy • humans
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