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UPRES, Lipids and Nutrition 2422, Nutrition Cellulaire et Métabolique, Université de Bourgogne, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France and * Centre Européen de Recherches et d’Analyses, 21560 Couternon France
2To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jbellev{at}u-bourgogne.fr
-Linolenic acid [GLA, 18:3(n-6)], eicosapentaenoic acid
[EPA, 20:5(n-3)] and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA, 22:6(n-3)] have
been reported to prevent cardiovascular diseases. However, they are
highly unsaturated and therefore more sensitive to oxidation damage. We
investigated the effects of a diet rich in these polyunsaturated fatty
acids (PUFA) on blood pressure, plasma and lipoprotein lipid
concentrations, total antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation and
platelet function in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and
normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). Five-week-old SHR and WKY rats
were fed for 10 wk either a diet containing Isio 4 oil or a diet rich
in GLA, EPA and DHA (5.65, 6.39 and 4.94 g/kg dry diet, respectively).
The total antioxidant status was assayed by monitoring the rate of free
radical–induced hemolysis. VLDL-LDL sensitivity to
copper-induced lipid peroxidation was determined as the production
of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. After dietary PUFA
supplementation, a significant decrease in blood pressure of SHR rats
(-20 mm Hg) was observed and the total antioxidant status was
enhanced. VLDL-LDL resistance to copper-induced peroxidation
was increased in both strains. The PUFA supplementation did not change
platelet maximum aggregation in SHR rats, but it decreased the
aggregation speed. In hypertensive rats, GLA + EPA + DHA
supplementation lowers blood pressure, enhances total anti-oxidant
status and resistance to lipid peroxidation, diminishes platelet
aggregation speed and lowers plasma lipid concentrations. Thus, it
enhances protection against cardiovascular diseases. Therefore,
nutritional recommendations for cardiovascular disease prevention
should take into account the pharmacologic properties of GLA, EPA and
DHA.
KEY WORDS: • hypertension • polyunsaturated fatty acids • antioxidant status • lipoproteins • spontaneously hypertensive rats
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