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U.S. Department of Agriculture,,3 Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203-9034 and * Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Internal Medicine, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292
2To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed.
Colon cancer is the third most common newly diagnosed cancer in the
United States and the third most common cause of cancer-related
deaths. Previous supplementation studies have demonstrated the efficacy
of selenium (Se) for prevention of colon cancer in humans. The
metabolism of Se depends on its chemical form, and studies have shown
that the chemical form of Se in broccoli does not accumulate in the
body as fast as other forms of Se and may be especially beneficial for
prevention of cancer. In the first experiment of the present study,
Fisher F-344 rats (n = 45) were allotted randomly
to torula yeast–based diets supplemented with the following:
1) no Se; 2) 0.1 µg Se/g
diet as selenate; 3) 1.0 µg Se/g diet
as selenate; 4) 0.1 µg Se/g diet as
selenized broccoli (Se concentration of 
500 µg/g);
or 5) 1.0 µg Se/g diet as selenized
broccoli. In Experiment 2, rats (n = 80) were
allotted randomly to the same basal diet supplemented with the
following: 1) no added Se; 2) 2.0
µg Se/g diet as selenite; 3) 2.0
µg Se/g diet as selenite + low Se broccoli; and
4) 2.0 µg Se/g diet as selenized
broccoli. Rats were fed the diets for 2 wk and injected with a chemical
carcinogen (3,2 dimethyl 4-amino biphenyl or dimethyl-hydrazine in
Experiment 1 or dimethyl hydrazine in Experiment 2; 2 rats/treatment
were used as vehicle controls). Supranutritional amounts of Se supplied
as high Se broccoli significantly decreased (P < 0.05) the incidence of aberrant crypts (AC) and aberrant crypt foci
(ACF; preneoplastic lesions indicative of colon cancer) compared with
other dietary treatments. Diets were controlled for the presence or
absence of broccoli and for the total amount of Se. The reduction in AC
and ACF was a function of Se in high Se broccoli and not a result of
broccoli alone or Se alone. Adequate dietary Se supplied as high Se
broccoli did not accumulate in tissues or increase glutathione
peroxidase activity as well as other forms and amounts of Se. Thus, Se
from high Se broccoli may be metabolized in a manner that diverts much
of the Se into a pool that provides protection against colon
cancer.
KEY WORDS: • selenium • broccoli • colon cancer • selenoprotein • rats
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