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9-Desaturase1 ,2
Valio Limited, FIN-00039, Helsinki, Finland and * Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
5To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a naturally occurring
anticarcinogen found in milk fat and body fat of ruminants. Although
CLA is an intermediate in ruminal biohydrogenation of linoleic acid, we
hypothesized that its primary source was from endogenous synthesis.
This would involve 
9-desaturase and synthesis from
trans-11 18:1, another intermediate in ruminal
biohydrogenation. Our first experiment supplied lactating cows
(n = 3) with trans-11 18:1 by
abomasal infusion and examined the potential for endogenous synthesis
by measuring changes in milk fat CLA. By d 3, infusion of
trans-11 18:1 resulted in a 31% increase in
concentration of cis-9, trans-11 CLA in
milk fat, demonstrating that an active pathway for endogenous synthesis
of CLA exists. Our second experiment examined the quantitative
importance of endogenous synthesis of CLA in lactating cows
(n = 3) by abomasally infusing a putative
stimulator (retinol palmitate) or an inhibitor (sterculic oil) of
9-desaturase. Infusion of retinol palmitate had no
influence on milk fatty acid desaturation, and yield of CLA in milk fat
was not altered. However, sterculic oil infusion decreased the
concentration of CLA in milk fat by 45%. Consistent with
9-desaturase inhibition, the sterculic oil treatment
also altered the milk fat concentration of other
9-desaturase products as indicated by the two- to
threefold increase in the ratios of 14:0 to 14:1, 16:0 to
16:1 and 18:0 to cis-18:1. Using changes in the ratio of
14:0 to 14:1 as an indication of the extent of
9-desaturase inhibition with the sterculic oil
treatment, an estimated 64% of the CLA in milk fat was of endogenous
origin. Overall, results demonstrate that endogenous synthesis of CLA
from trans-11 18:1 represented the primary source of CLA
in milk fat of lactating cows.
KEY WORDS: • conjugated linoleic acid • 9-desaturase • lactation • milk fat • ruminants
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