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Article

Dietary Ratio of (n-6)/(n-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Alters the Fatty Acid Composition of Bone Compartments and Biomarkers of Bone Formation in Rats^{1 ,2}

Bruce A. Watkins³, Yong Li, Kenneth G. D. Allen^*, Walter E. Hoffmann and Mark F. Seifert^**

Department of Food Science, Lipid Chemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; ^* Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, IL 61801; and ^** Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN 46202

³To whom correspondence should be addressed.

The effects of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on ex vivo bone prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) production and bone formation rate were evaluated in rats. Weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed AIN-93G diet containing 70 g/kg of added fat for 42 d. The dietary lipid treatments were formulated with safflower oil and menhaden oil to provide the following ratios of (n-6)/(n-3) fatty acids: 23.8 (SMI), 9.8 (SMII), 2.6 (SMIII), and 1.2 (SMIV). Ex vivo PGE₂ production in liver homogenates and bone organ cultures (right femur and tibia) were significantly lower in rats fed diets with a lower dietary ratio of (n-6)/(n-3) fatty acids than in those fed diets with a higher dietary ratio. Regression analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between bone PGE₂ and the ratio of arachidonic acid (AA)/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), but significant negative correlations between bone formation rate and either the ratio of AA/EPA or PGE₂ in bone. Activities of serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes, including the bone-specific isoenzyme (BALP), were greater in rats fed a diet high in (n-3) or a low ratio of (n-6)/(n-3), further supporting the positive action of (n-3) fatty acids on bone formation. These results demonstrated that the dietary ratio of (n-6)/(n-3) modulates bone PGE₂ production and the activity of serum BALP in growing rats.

KEY WORDS: • polyunsaturated fatty acids • prostaglandin E₂ • bone formation rate • alkaline phosphatase • rats

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