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Article

Iron Bioavailability in Humans from Breakfasts Enriched with Iron Bis-Glycine Chelate, Phytates and Polyphenols

Miguel Layrisse^*,1, María Nieves García-Casal^*, Liseti Solano^**, María Adela Barón^**, Franklin Arguello^**, Daisy Llovera^**, José Ramírez^*, Irene Leets^* and Eleonora Tropper^*

^* Centro de Medicina Experimental, Laboratorio de Fisiopatología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC); Universidad Central de Venezuela; and ^** Unidad de Investigaciones en Nutrición Eleazar Lara Pantin, Universidad de Carabobo, Caracas, Venezuela

¹To whom correspondence should be addressed.

This study was conducted to determine the bioavailability of iron amino acid chelate (ferrochel) added to fortify breads prepared from either precooked corn flour or white wheat flour + cheese and margarine compared with the same basal breakfast enriched with either ferrous sulfate or iron-EDTA. The inhibitory effect of phytate and polyphenols on iron absorption from ferrochel was also tested. A total of 74 subjects were studied in five experiments. Iron absorption from ferrochel was about twice the absorption from ferrous sulfate (P < 0.05). When ferrous sulfate and ferrochel were administered together or in different meals, absorption from ferrochel was about twice the absorption from ferrous sulfate (P < 0.05). Polyphenols present in coffee and tea inhibited iron absorption in a dose-dependent manner. American-type coffee did not modify iron absorption significantly, whereas both espresso-type coffee and tea reduced iron absorption from ferrochel by 50% (P < 0.05). Ferrochel partially prevented the inhibitory effect of phytates. Because of its high solubility in aqueous solutions even at pH 6, its low interactions with food and high absorption, ferrochel is a suitable compound for food fortification.

KEY WORDS: • iron fortification • polyphenol • phytates • humans • and iron bis-glycine chelate.

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