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Institute of Nutritional Physiology, Federal Research Centre for Nutrition, Karlsruhe, Germany and * Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
2To whom correspondence should be addressed.
The immunomodulatory potential of carotenoids has been investigated
thoroughly only for ß-carotene. Data on the immunomodulatory activity
of other carotenoids such as lycopene are scarce. The objective of this
study was to investigate the effects of prolonged tomato juice
consumption on cell-mediated immunity of well-nourished healthy
elderly persons. In an intervention study, 33 female and 20 male
subjects (aged 63–86 y) consumed 330 mL/d tomato juice (47.1 mg/d
lycopene) or mineral water for 8 wk. Immune status was assessed by
measuring number and lytic activity of natural killer (NK) cells,
secretion of cytokines [interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, tumor necrosis
factor-
(TNF-)] by activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells
(PBMC), lymphocyte proliferation, and delayed-type hypersensitivity
(DTH) skin responses. Tomato juice consumption resulted in
significantly increased plasma lycopene and ß-carotene concentrations
over time. In both treatment groups, TNF- and IL-4 secretion were
increased at the end of the intervention period, whereas IL-2 secretion
was decreased. Tomato juice consumption had no effect on lymphocyte
proliferation, DTH or the number of NK cells. Lytic activity of NK
cells was increased in both groups at the end of the intervention
period. In conclusion, these results show that prolonged tomato juice
consumption increased plasma lycopene concentrations without
significantly affecting cell-mediated immunity in
well-nourished elderly subjects.
KEY WORDS: • tomato juice • lycopene • elderly humans • cell-mediated immunity
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