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-Tocopherol1 ,2
Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
3To whom correspondence should be addressed.
In the last 10 years precise cellular functions of 
-tocopherol, some
of which are independent of its antioxidant/radical-scavenging ability,
have been revealed. Absorption of -tocopherol from the gut is a
selective process. Other tocopherols are not absorbed or are absorbed
to a lesser extent. At the post-translational level, -tocopherol
inhibits protein kinase C and 5-lipoxygenase and activates protein
phosphatase 2A and diacylglycerol kinase. Some genes [platelet
glycoprotein IV/thrombospondin receptor/class B scavenger receptor
(CD36), -tocopherol transfer protein (-TTP), -tropomyosin,
connective tissue growth factor and collagenase] are affected by
-tocopherol at the transcriptional level. -Tocopherol also
inhibits cell proliferation, platelet aggregation, monocyte adhesion
and the oxygen burst in neutrophils. Other antioxidants, such as
ß-tocopherol and probucol, do not mimic these effects, suggesting a
nonantioxidant, -tocopherol–specific molecular mechanism.
KEY WORDS: • vitamin E • -tocopherol • antioxidant • cell proliferation • protein kinase C • gene expression
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